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  • journal.pone.0060141

    Rights statement: Copyright: © 2013 Kirshenbaum et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Alternating hemiplegia of childhood-related neural and behavioural phenotypes in Na+, K+-ATPase a3 missense mutant mice

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  • Greer Kirshenbaum
  • Neil Dawson
  • Jonathan Mullins
  • Tom Johnston
  • Mark Drinkhill
  • Ian Edwards
  • Susan Fox
  • Judith Pratt
  • Jonathan Brotchie
  • John Roder
  • Stephen Clapcote
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Article numbere60141
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>20/03/2013
<mark>Journal</mark>PLoS ONE
Issue number3
Volume8
Number of pages15
Publication StatusPublished
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Missense mutations in ATP1A3 encoding Na+,K+-ATPase α3 have been identified as the primary cause of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), a motor disorder with onset typically before the age of 6 months. Affected children tend to be of short stature and can also have epilepsy, ataxia and learning disability. The Na+,K+-ATPase has a well-known role in maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes, but our understanding of how the mutations cause AHC is limited. Myshkin mutant mice carry an amino acid change (I810N) that affects the same position in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 as I810S found in AHC. Using molecular modelling, we show that the Myshkin and AHC mutations display similarly severe structural impacts on Na+,K+-ATPase α3, including upon the K+ pore and predicted K+ binding sites. Behavioural analysis of Myshkin mice revealed phenotypic abnormalities similar to symptoms of AHC, including motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. 2-DG imaging of Myshkin mice identified compromised thalamocortical functioning that includes a deficit in frontal cortex functioning (hypofrontality), directly mirroring that reported in AHC, along with reduced thalamocortical functional connectivity. Our results thus provide validation for missense mutations in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 as a cause of AHC, and highlight Myshkin mice as a starting point for the exploration of disease mechanisms and novel treatments in AHC.

Bibliographic note

Copyright: © 2013 Kirshenbaum et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.