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Sustainable development of the boreal forest: interaction of ecological, social and business feedbacks

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
Article number12
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>12/1998
<mark>Journal</mark>Ecology and Society
Issue number2
Volume2
Number of pages15
Publication StatusPublished
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Humans are an integral component of ecosystems, just as the products of ecosystems are critical to social systems. To understand the future state of the boreal forest, we must understand the ecological, social, economic, and business interactions that link ecological and social systems into a common regional system, as well as the feedbacks that govern changes in these interactions. We analyze the negative feedbacks that promoted a sustainable interaction between ecological and social systems prior to the development of business systems, which are dominated by positive feedbacks that have reduced the sustainability of the boreal system. We suggest a minimum set of interactions that are required to improve the sustainability of a business−based boreal system.