Background Participation in sports has been linked to a range of physical, social and mental health benefits. Little is known about the extent to which people with intellectual disabilities take part in sports. This study looks at participation in sports and factors associated with participation by people with intellectual disabilities in England. Method Data on participation in sports and measures of personal characteristics, living situation, social participation, and socioeconomic status associated with participation were analysed based on a sample of 2784 people with intellectual disabilities in England. Results Overall, 41% of participants had taken part in sports in the past month, nearly all of whom had enjoyed it. Of those who did not take part, 34% said they would like to. Participation in sport was associated with some personal characteristics but not with support needs, and was also associated with indicators of socioeconomic status. Conclusions Targeting interventions to increase participation in sports by people with intellectual disabilities may make a significant contribution to improving their health and well-being.