The aim of this article is to review the psycholinguistic research on second language (L2) self-repair to date with particular attention to the relevance of this field for L2 production and acquisition. The article points out that W. J. M. Levelt's (1989, 1993, 1992) and W. J. M. Levelt et al.'s (in press) perceptual loop theory of monitoring can be adopted for monitoring in L2 speech as well. It is also argued, however, that this theory needs to be complemented with recent research on consciousness, attention, and noticing in order to account for mechanisms of error detection in L2.