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  • Pwales2017_wpacific_bromine_revision1

    Rights statement: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., et al. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690–5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

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    Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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  • Pamela A. Wales
  • Ross J. Salawitch
  • Julie M. Nicely
  • Daniel C. Anderson
  • Timothy P. Canty
  • Sunil Baidar
  • Barbara Dix
  • Theodore K. Koenig
  • Rainer Volkamer
  • Dexian Chen
  • L. Gregory Huey
  • David J. Tanner
  • Carlos A. Cuevas
  • Rafael P. Fernandez
  • Douglas E. Kinnison
  • Jean-francois Lamarque
  • Alfonso Saiz-lopez
  • Elliot L. Atlas
  • Samuel R. Hall
  • Maria A. Navarro
  • Laura L. Pan
  • Sue M. Schauffler
  • Meghan Stell
  • Simone Tilmes
  • Kirk Ullmann
  • Andrew J. Weinheimer
  • Hideharu Akiyoshi
  • Martyn P. Chipperfield
  • Makoto Deushi
  • Sandip S. Dhomse
  • Wuhu Feng
  • Phoebe Graf
  • Patrick Jöckel
  • Eva Mancini
  • Martine Michou
  • Olaf Morgenstern
  • Luke D. Oman
  • Giovanni Pitari
  • David A. Plummer
  • Laura E. Revell
  • Eugene Rozanov
  • David Saint-martin
  • Robyn Schofield
  • Andrea Stenke
  • Kane A. Stone
  • Daniele Visioni
  • Yousuke Yamashita
  • Guang Zeng
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>15/06/2018
<mark>Journal</mark>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume123
Number of pages30
Pages (from-to)5690-5719
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date28/05/18
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.

Bibliographic note

An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., et al. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690–5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978