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  • Wagenmakers-Lynott-Connell-etAl-2016-StrackRRRFacialFeedbackPrePub

    Rights statement: The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the Journal, Perspectives in Psychological Science, 11 (6), 2016, © SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016 by SAGE Publications Ltd at the Perspectives in Psychological Science page: http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pps on SAGE Journals Online: http://journals.sagepub.com/

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Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988)

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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  • E. J. Wagenmakers
  • Titia Beek
  • Laura Dijkhoff
  • Quentin F. Gronau
  • A. Acosta
  • R. B. Adams
  • D. N. Albohn
  • E. S. Allard
  • S. D. Benning
  • E. M. Blouin-Hudon
  • L. C. Bulnes
  • T. L. Caldwell
  • R. J. Calin-Jageman
  • C. A. Capaldi
  • N. S. Carfagno
  • K. T. Chasten
  • A. Cleeremans
  • J. M. DeCicco
  • K. Dijkstra
  • F. Foroni
  • U. Hess
  • K. J. Holmes
  • O. Klein
  • C. Koch
  • S. Korb
  • P. Lewinski
  • J. Lupiáñez
  • S. Oosterwijk
  • A. A. Özdoğru
  • A. P. Pacheco-Unguetti
  • B. Pearson
  • C. Powis
  • S. Riding
  • R. I. Rumiati
  • M. Senden
  • N. B. Shea-Shumsky
  • K. Sobocko
  • J. A. Soto
  • T. G. Steiner
  • J. M. Talarico
  • Z. M. van Allen
  • M. Vandekerckhove
  • J. F. Wayand
  • R. Zeelenberg
  • E. E. Zetzer
  • R. A. Zwaan
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>11/2016
<mark>Journal</mark>Perspectives on Psychological Science
Issue number6
Volume11
Number of pages12
Pages (from-to)917-928
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date26/10/16
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.11 to 0.16.

Bibliographic note

The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the Journal, Perspectives in Psychological Science, 11 (6), 2016, © SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016 by SAGE Publications Ltd at the Perspectives in Psychological Science page: http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pps on SAGE Journals Online: http://journals.sagepub.com/