Rights statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Smith, A. C., Leng, M. J., Swann, G. E. A., Barker, P. A., Mackay, A. W., Ryves, D. B., Sloane, H. J., Chenery, S. R. N., and Hems, M. (2016) An experiment to assess the effects of diatom dissolution on oxygen isotope ratios. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 30: 293–300. doi: 10.1002/rcm.7446. which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.7446/abstract . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - An experiment to assess the effects of diatom dissolution on oxygen isotope ratios
AU - Smith, Andrew
AU - Barker, Philip Anthony
AU - Leng, Melanie
AU - Swann, George
AU - Mackay, Anson
AU - Ryves, David
AU - Sloane, Hilary J.
AU - Chenery, S. R.
AU - Hems, Mike
PY - 2016/1/30
Y1 - 2016/1/30
N2 - Rationale Current studies which use the oxygen isotope composition from diatom silica (δ18Odiatom) as a palaeoclimate proxy assume that the δ18Odiatom value reflects the isotopic composition of the water in which the diatom formed. However, diatoms dissolve post mortem, preferentially losing less silicified structures in the water column and during/after burial into sediments. The impact of dissolution on δ18Odiatom values and potential misinterpretation of the palaeoclimate record are evaluated. Methods Diatom frustules covering a range of ages (6 samples from the Miocene to the Holocene), environments and species were exposed to a weak alkaline solution for 48 days at two temperatures (20 °C and 4 °C), mimicking natural dissolution post mucilage removal. Following treatment, dissolution was assessed using scanning electron microscope images and a qualitative diatom dissolution index. The diatoms were subsequently analysed for their δ18O values using step-wise fluorination and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results Variable levels of diatom dissolution were observed between the six samples; in all cases higher temperatures resulted in more frustule degradation. Dissolution was most evident in younger samples, probably as a result of the more porous nature of the silica. The degree of diatom dissolution does not directly equate to changes in the isotope ratios; the δ18Odiatom value was, however, lower after dissolution, but in only half the samples was this reduction outside the analytical error (2σ analytical error = 0.46‰). Conclusions We have shown that dissolution can have a small negative impact on δ18Odiatom values, causing reductions of up to 0.59‰ beyond analytical error (0.46‰) at natural environmental temperatures. These findings need to be considered in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using δ18Odiatom values, especially when interpreting variations in these values of <1‰. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AB - Rationale Current studies which use the oxygen isotope composition from diatom silica (δ18Odiatom) as a palaeoclimate proxy assume that the δ18Odiatom value reflects the isotopic composition of the water in which the diatom formed. However, diatoms dissolve post mortem, preferentially losing less silicified structures in the water column and during/after burial into sediments. The impact of dissolution on δ18Odiatom values and potential misinterpretation of the palaeoclimate record are evaluated. Methods Diatom frustules covering a range of ages (6 samples from the Miocene to the Holocene), environments and species were exposed to a weak alkaline solution for 48 days at two temperatures (20 °C and 4 °C), mimicking natural dissolution post mucilage removal. Following treatment, dissolution was assessed using scanning electron microscope images and a qualitative diatom dissolution index. The diatoms were subsequently analysed for their δ18O values using step-wise fluorination and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results Variable levels of diatom dissolution were observed between the six samples; in all cases higher temperatures resulted in more frustule degradation. Dissolution was most evident in younger samples, probably as a result of the more porous nature of the silica. The degree of diatom dissolution does not directly equate to changes in the isotope ratios; the δ18Odiatom value was, however, lower after dissolution, but in only half the samples was this reduction outside the analytical error (2σ analytical error = 0.46‰). Conclusions We have shown that dissolution can have a small negative impact on δ18Odiatom values, causing reductions of up to 0.59‰ beyond analytical error (0.46‰) at natural environmental temperatures. These findings need to be considered in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using δ18Odiatom values, especially when interpreting variations in these values of <1‰. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U2 - 10.1002/rcm.7446
DO - 10.1002/rcm.7446
M3 - Journal article
VL - 30
SP - 293
EP - 300
JO - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
JF - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
SN - 0951-4198
IS - 2
ER -