Understanding the motivating impulses behind offenders’ actions in acts of so-called ‘hate crime’ is fundamental to the conceptualisation of ‘hate crime’ and the legislative and criminal justice responses to the problem. In focusing on anti-Jewish incidents as a case study, this chapter unravels the particular harms inflicted by incidents of 'hate crime' against Jews and critically evaluates the appropriateness of labelling such incidents as ‘antisemitic’. Informed by a discussion of evidence of offender motivations in anti-Jewish 'hate crime' the chapter explores the political and legal challenges involved in countering the problem.