Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Birth, growth and morphologic evolution of the ‘larghetto’ cinder cone during the 2001 Etna eruption.
AU - Calvari, Sonia
AU - Pinkerton, Harry
PY - 2004/4/30
Y1 - 2004/4/30
N2 - We have undertaken detailed observations of the formation of the ‘Laghetto’ cinder cone, a new cone that formed during a 2-week period of intense activity in Piano del Lago, on the upper slopes of Mount Etna in summer 2001. We describe the events leading to the formation of a small graben, the formation of pit craters on the base of the graben, the onset of phreatomagmatic activity, a transition to intense Strombolian activity, and a return to phreatomagmatic activity as the eruption came to an end. We discuss the reasons for these transitions, and describe the morphological development of the cone during these events. Arcuate cracks on the southern part of the cone were related to withdrawal of magma at the end of the eruption. Other slope instabilities that developed during the eruption include the formation of small radial grain flows on the outer flanks of the cone and the collapse into the crater of part of the crater rim. Some of the failure planes we observed were first identified using a FLIR TM 695 thermal infrared camera. This is the first time that infrared thermography has been used to detect instability of volcanic structures. Results obtained during this test case demonstrate that thermal cameras are a very useful tool for studies of volcanic instability.
AB - We have undertaken detailed observations of the formation of the ‘Laghetto’ cinder cone, a new cone that formed during a 2-week period of intense activity in Piano del Lago, on the upper slopes of Mount Etna in summer 2001. We describe the events leading to the formation of a small graben, the formation of pit craters on the base of the graben, the onset of phreatomagmatic activity, a transition to intense Strombolian activity, and a return to phreatomagmatic activity as the eruption came to an end. We discuss the reasons for these transitions, and describe the morphological development of the cone during these events. Arcuate cracks on the southern part of the cone were related to withdrawal of magma at the end of the eruption. Other slope instabilities that developed during the eruption include the formation of small radial grain flows on the outer flanks of the cone and the collapse into the crater of part of the crater rim. Some of the failure planes we observed were first identified using a FLIR TM 695 thermal infrared camera. This is the first time that infrared thermography has been used to detect instability of volcanic structures. Results obtained during this test case demonstrate that thermal cameras are a very useful tool for studies of volcanic instability.
KW - Author Keywords
KW - Etna volcano
KW - cinder cone
KW - volcano instability
KW - thermal images
KW - phreatomagmatic activity
U2 - 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00347-0
DO - 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00347-0
M3 - Journal article
VL - 132
SP - 225
EP - 239
JO - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
JF - Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
SN - 0377-0273
IS - 2-3
ER -