Rights statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Swainson, MG, Ingle, L, Carroll, S. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short‐term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. doi: 10.1111/sms.13468 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/sms.13468 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short-term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk
T2 - Normative fitness thresholds and CVD risk
AU - Swainson, Michelle
AU - Ingle, Lee
AU - Carroll, Sean
N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Swainson, MG, Ingle, L, Carroll, S. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short‐term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. doi: 10.1111/sms.13468 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/sms.13468 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
PY - 2019/9/1
Y1 - 2019/9/1
N2 - Development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a public health concern for young-to-middle-aged adults, now exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) improves the reclassification of short-term (10-year) CVD risk, but has not been uniformly defined across studies. This study evaluated cross-sectional differences in short-term and lifetime CVD risk scores, across both absolute metabolic equivalent (MET), sex- and age-standardised CRF categories in 805 healthy apparently healthy young-to-middle aged adults (68% male; 47.4 ± 7.2 years). CVD risk factors were evaluated, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements (METS and peak VO2) were derived from a submaximal Bruce treadmill test. CRF measures also included post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) data. Consistent trends showing more favorable risk factor profiles and lower short-term CVD (QRISK2), and CVD mortality (SCORE) scores, associated with higher levels of CRF were evident in both sexes. Lifetime CVD risk (Q-Lifetime) was highest in the lowest CRF categories. Peak VO2 and HRR following submaximal exercise testing contributed to the variability in short-term and lifetime CVD risk. Global CVD risk predictions were examined across different contemporary CRF classifications with inconsistent findings. Recommended absolute MET and sex- and age-standardised CRF categories were significantly associated with both short-term and lifetime risk of CVD outcomes. However, compared to internationally-derived normative CRF standards, cohort-specific CRF categories resulted in markedly different proportion of individuals classified in the “poor” CRF category at higher CVD risk.
AB - Development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a public health concern for young-to-middle-aged adults, now exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) improves the reclassification of short-term (10-year) CVD risk, but has not been uniformly defined across studies. This study evaluated cross-sectional differences in short-term and lifetime CVD risk scores, across both absolute metabolic equivalent (MET), sex- and age-standardised CRF categories in 805 healthy apparently healthy young-to-middle aged adults (68% male; 47.4 ± 7.2 years). CVD risk factors were evaluated, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements (METS and peak VO2) were derived from a submaximal Bruce treadmill test. CRF measures also included post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) data. Consistent trends showing more favorable risk factor profiles and lower short-term CVD (QRISK2), and CVD mortality (SCORE) scores, associated with higher levels of CRF were evident in both sexes. Lifetime CVD risk (Q-Lifetime) was highest in the lowest CRF categories. Peak VO2 and HRR following submaximal exercise testing contributed to the variability in short-term and lifetime CVD risk. Global CVD risk predictions were examined across different contemporary CRF classifications with inconsistent findings. Recommended absolute MET and sex- and age-standardised CRF categories were significantly associated with both short-term and lifetime risk of CVD outcomes. However, compared to internationally-derived normative CRF standards, cohort-specific CRF categories resulted in markedly different proportion of individuals classified in the “poor” CRF category at higher CVD risk.
U2 - 10.1111/sms.13468
DO - 10.1111/sms.13468
M3 - Journal article
VL - 29
SP - 1402
EP - 1413
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
IS - 9
ER -