TY - JOUR

T1 - Constraining the timing of microbial methane generation in an organic-rich shale using noble gases, Illinois Basin, USA

AU - Schlegel, Melissa E.

AU - Zhou, Zheng

AU - McIntosh, Jennifer C.

AU - Ballentine, Chris J.

AU - Person, Mark A.

PY - 2011/8/7

Y1 - 2011/8/7

N2 - At least 20% of the world's natural gas originates from methanogens subsisting on organic-rich coals and shales; however in-situ microbial methane production rates are unknown. Methanogens in the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin extract hydrogen from low salinity formation water to form economic quantities of natural gas. Because of this association, constraining the source and timing of groundwater recharge will enable estimation of minimum in-situ metabolic rates. Thirty-four formation water and gas samples were analyzed for stable isotopes (oxygen and hydrogen), chloride, tritium, (14)C, and noble gases. Chloride and delta(18)O spatial patterns reveal a plume of water with low salinity (0.7 to 2154 mM) and delta(18)O values (-0.14 to -7.25 parts per thousand) penetrating similar to 1 km depth into evapo-concentrated brines parallel to terminal moraines of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, suggesting glacial mediated recharge. However, isotopic mixing trends indicate that the recharge endmember (similar to-7 parts per thousand delta(18)O) is higher than the assumed bulk ice sheet value (For the majority of samples the atmosphere derived (4)He contribution is negligible, and the (4)He is dominated by a crustal radiogenic source, with near complete transfer of dissolved noble gases to the gas phase. In addition, mantle derived helium is negligible for all samples (<1%). Helium-4 ages of formation waters associated with natural gas accumulations range from 0.082 to 1.2 Ma. Thermogenic methane is associated with older fluids (average 1.0 Ma), as compared to microbial methane (average 0.33 Ma), consistent with chloride and delta(18)O data. However, all groundwater in the study area was influenced by Pleistocene recharge. Estimated in-situ microbial methane production rates range from 10 to 1000 TCF/Ma - similar to 10(4) to 10(6) times slower than average laboratory rates from coals. Findings from this study have implications for targeting undeveloped microbial gas accumulations, improving natural gas reservoir estimates, the potential of in-situ methanogen stimulation, and understanding biologic cycling of carbon in subsurface reservoirs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AB - At least 20% of the world's natural gas originates from methanogens subsisting on organic-rich coals and shales; however in-situ microbial methane production rates are unknown. Methanogens in the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin extract hydrogen from low salinity formation water to form economic quantities of natural gas. Because of this association, constraining the source and timing of groundwater recharge will enable estimation of minimum in-situ metabolic rates. Thirty-four formation water and gas samples were analyzed for stable isotopes (oxygen and hydrogen), chloride, tritium, (14)C, and noble gases. Chloride and delta(18)O spatial patterns reveal a plume of water with low salinity (0.7 to 2154 mM) and delta(18)O values (-0.14 to -7.25 parts per thousand) penetrating similar to 1 km depth into evapo-concentrated brines parallel to terminal moraines of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, suggesting glacial mediated recharge. However, isotopic mixing trends indicate that the recharge endmember (similar to-7 parts per thousand delta(18)O) is higher than the assumed bulk ice sheet value (For the majority of samples the atmosphere derived (4)He contribution is negligible, and the (4)He is dominated by a crustal radiogenic source, with near complete transfer of dissolved noble gases to the gas phase. In addition, mantle derived helium is negligible for all samples (<1%). Helium-4 ages of formation waters associated with natural gas accumulations range from 0.082 to 1.2 Ma. Thermogenic methane is associated with older fluids (average 1.0 Ma), as compared to microbial methane (average 0.33 Ma), consistent with chloride and delta(18)O data. However, all groundwater in the study area was influenced by Pleistocene recharge. Estimated in-situ microbial methane production rates range from 10 to 1000 TCF/Ma - similar to 10(4) to 10(6) times slower than average laboratory rates from coals. Findings from this study have implications for targeting undeveloped microbial gas accumulations, improving natural gas reservoir estimates, the potential of in-situ methanogen stimulation, and understanding biologic cycling of carbon in subsurface reservoirs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KW - SPELEOTHEM RECORD

KW - CENTRAL UNITED-STATES

KW - BIOGENIC METHANE

KW - PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION

KW - Basinal brine

KW - Sedimentary basins

KW - CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER

KW - GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION

KW - Groundwater recharge

KW - Microbial methanogenesis

KW - ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION

KW - GROUNDWATER-FLOW

KW - LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET

KW - Pleistocene

KW - FORMATION WATERS

KW - Noble gases

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79960269973&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.019

DO - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.019

M3 - Journal article

VL - 287

SP - 27

EP - 40

JO - Chemical Geology

JF - Chemical Geology

SN - 0009-2541

IS - 1-2

ER -