TY - JOUR

T1 - Control of river stage on the reactive chemistry of the hyporheic zone

AU - Byrne, Patrick

AU - Binley, Andrew

AU - Heathwaite, Louise

AU - Ullah, Sami

AU - Heppell, C. M.

AU - Lansdown, K.

AU - Zhang, Hao

AU - Trimmer, Mark

AU - Keenan, Patrick

PY - 2014/8/15

Y1 - 2014/8/15

N2 - We examined the influence of river stage on subsurface hydrology and pore water chemistry within the hyporheic zone of a groundwater-fed river during the summer baseflow period of 2011. We found river stage and geomorphologic environment to control chemical patterns in the hyporheic zone. At high river stage, the flux of upwelling water in the shallow sediments (> 20 cm) decreased at samples sites in the upper section of our study reach and increased substantially at sites in the lower section. This differential response is attributed to the contrasting geomorphology of these sub-reaches which affects the rate of the rise and fall of river stage relative to subsurface head. At sites where streamward vertical flux decreased, concentration profiles of a conservative environmental tracer suggest surface water infiltration into the riverbed below depths recorded at low river stage. An increase in vertical flux at sites in the lower sub-reach is attributed to the movement of lateral subsurface waters originating from the adjacent floodplain. This lateral-moving water preserved or decreased the vertical extent of the hyporheic mixing zone observed at low river stage. Down welling surface water appeared to be responsible for elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Mn concentrations in shallow sediments (0 – 20 cm); however, lateral subsurface flows were probably important for elevated concentrations of these solutes at deeper levels. Results suggest that DOC delivered to hyporheic sediments during high river stage from surface water and lateral subsurface sources could enhance heterotrophic microbial activities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

AB - We examined the influence of river stage on subsurface hydrology and pore water chemistry within the hyporheic zone of a groundwater-fed river during the summer baseflow period of 2011. We found river stage and geomorphologic environment to control chemical patterns in the hyporheic zone. At high river stage, the flux of upwelling water in the shallow sediments (> 20 cm) decreased at samples sites in the upper section of our study reach and increased substantially at sites in the lower section. This differential response is attributed to the contrasting geomorphology of these sub-reaches which affects the rate of the rise and fall of river stage relative to subsurface head. At sites where streamward vertical flux decreased, concentration profiles of a conservative environmental tracer suggest surface water infiltration into the riverbed below depths recorded at low river stage. An increase in vertical flux at sites in the lower sub-reach is attributed to the movement of lateral subsurface waters originating from the adjacent floodplain. This lateral-moving water preserved or decreased the vertical extent of the hyporheic mixing zone observed at low river stage. Down welling surface water appeared to be responsible for elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Mn concentrations in shallow sediments (0 – 20 cm); however, lateral subsurface flows were probably important for elevated concentrations of these solutes at deeper levels. Results suggest that DOC delivered to hyporheic sediments during high river stage from surface water and lateral subsurface sources could enhance heterotrophic microbial activities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

KW - HYPORHEIC ZONE

KW - River stage

KW - pore waters

KW - Nutrients

KW - biogeochemistry

KW - disolved organic carbon

U2 - 10.1002/hyp.9981

DO - 10.1002/hyp.9981

M3 - Journal article

VL - 28

SP - 4766

EP - 4779

JO - Hydrological Processes

JF - Hydrological Processes

SN - 0885-6087

IS - 17

ER -