Rights statement: This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00040
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Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of a Passive Sampling Technique for Measuring Pesticides in Waters and Soils
AU - Li, Y.
AU - Chen, C.-E.L.
AU - Chen, W.
AU - Chen, J.
AU - Cai, X.
AU - Jones, K.C.
AU - Zhang, H.
N1 - This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00040
PY - 2019/6/5
Y1 - 2019/6/5
N2 - It is essential to monitor pesticides in the environment to help ensure water and soil quality. The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique can measure quantitative in situ labile (available) concentrations of chemicals in water, soil, and sediments. This study describes the systematic development of the DGT technique for nine current pesticides, selected to be representative of different classes with a wide range of properties, with two types of resins (HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced) and XAD 18) as binding layer materials. The masses of pesticides accumulated by DGT devices were proportional to the deployment time and in inverse proportion to the thickness of the diffusive layer, in line with DGT theoretical predictions. DGT with both resin gels were tested in the laboratory for the effects of typical environmental factors on the DGT measurements. DGT performance was independent of the following: pH in the range of 4.7-8.2; dissolved organic matter concentrations <20 mg L-1 and ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.25 M, although it was slightly affected at 0.5 M in some cases. This confirms DGT as a sampler suitable for controlled studies of environmental processes affecting pesticides. Field applications of DGT to measure pesticides in situ in waters and controlled laboratory measurements on five different soils (prepared at fixed soil/water ratios) demonstrated DGT is a suitable tool for environmental monitoring in waters and for investigating chemical processes in soils.
AB - It is essential to monitor pesticides in the environment to help ensure water and soil quality. The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique can measure quantitative in situ labile (available) concentrations of chemicals in water, soil, and sediments. This study describes the systematic development of the DGT technique for nine current pesticides, selected to be representative of different classes with a wide range of properties, with two types of resins (HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced) and XAD 18) as binding layer materials. The masses of pesticides accumulated by DGT devices were proportional to the deployment time and in inverse proportion to the thickness of the diffusive layer, in line with DGT theoretical predictions. DGT with both resin gels were tested in the laboratory for the effects of typical environmental factors on the DGT measurements. DGT performance was independent of the following: pH in the range of 4.7-8.2; dissolved organic matter concentrations <20 mg L-1 and ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.25 M, although it was slightly affected at 0.5 M in some cases. This confirms DGT as a sampler suitable for controlled studies of environmental processes affecting pesticides. Field applications of DGT to measure pesticides in situ in waters and controlled laboratory measurements on five different soils (prepared at fixed soil/water ratios) demonstrated DGT is a suitable tool for environmental monitoring in waters and for investigating chemical processes in soils.
KW - diffusive gradients in thin-films
KW - hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced
KW - pesticides
KW - Biological materials
KW - Diffusion in solids
KW - Hydrophilicity
KW - Ionic strength
KW - Process control
KW - Resins
KW - Soils
KW - Thin films
KW - Controlled laboratories
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin films
KW - Dissolved organic matters
KW - Environmental factors
KW - Environmental Monitoring
KW - Environmental process
KW - Inverse proportions
KW - Pesticides
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00040
DO - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00040
M3 - Journal article
VL - 67
SP - 6397
EP - 6406
JO - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
SN - 0021-8561
IS - 22
ER -