Forensic anthropologists have expertise in locating, identifying, recording, recovering, and analyzing differentially preserved human remains, including fragmentary, burned, buried, and other types of compromised human tissue. Therefore they play a critical role in disaster response. This chapter summarizes the contributions forensic anthropologists make to disaster victim identification (DVI). Historical contributions made by anthropologists to disaster responses are outlined and followed by a discussion of their specialized roles in each of the five phases that constitute DVI missions. Their diverse contributions highlight the value of incorporating forensic anthropologists into the DVI management structure. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..