TY - JOUR

T1 - Dominant native and non-native graminoids differ in key leaf traits irrespective of nutrient availability

AU - Broadbent, A.A.D.

AU - Firn, J.

AU - McGree, J.M.

AU - Borer, E.T.

AU - Buckley, Y.M.

AU - Harpole, W.S.

AU - Komatsu, K.J.

AU - MacDougall, A.S.

AU - Orwin, K.H.

AU - Ostle, N.J.

AU - Seabloom, E.W.

AU - Bakker, J.D.

AU - Biederman, L.

AU - Caldeira, M.C.

AU - Eisenhauer, N.

AU - Hagenah, N.

AU - Hautier, Y.

AU - Moore, J.L.

AU - Nogueira, C.

AU - Peri, P.L.

AU - Risch, A.C.

AU - Roscher, C.

AU - Schütz, M.

AU - Stevens, C.J.

N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Broadbent, AAD, Firn, J, McGree, JM, et al. Dominant native and non‐native graminoids differ in key leaf traits irrespective of nutrient availability. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2020; 29: 1126– 1138. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13092 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.13092 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.

PY - 2020/7/1

Y1 - 2020/7/1

N2 - Aim: Nutrient enrichment is associated with plant invasions and biodiversity loss. Functional trait advantages may predict the ascendancy of invasive plants following nutrient enrichment but this is rarely tested. Here, we investigate (a) whether dominant native and non-native plants differ in important morphological and physiological leaf traits, (b) how their traits respond to nutrient addition, and (c) whether responses are consistent across functional groups. Location: Australia, Europe, North America and South Africa. Time period: 2007–2014. Major taxa studied: Graminoids and forbs. Methods: We focused on two types of leaf traits connected to resource acquisition: morphological features relating to light-foraging surfaces and investment in tissue (specific leaf area, SLA) and physiological features relating to internal leaf chemistry as the basis for producing and utilizing photosynthate. We measured these traits on 503 leaves from 151 dominant species across 27 grasslands on four continents. We used an identical nutrient addition treatment of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at all sites. Sites represented a broad range of grasslands that varied widely in climatic and edaphic conditions. Results: We found evidence that non-native graminoids invest in leaves with higher nutrient concentrations than native graminoids, particularly at sites where native and non-native species both dominate. We found little evidence that native and non-native forbs differed in the measured leaf traits. These results were consistent in natural soil fertility levels and nutrient-enriched conditions, with dominant species responding similarly to nutrient addition regardless of whether they were native or non-native. Main conclusions: Our work identifies the inherent physiological trait advantages that can be used to predict non-native graminoid establishment, potentially because of higher efficiency at taking up crucial nutrients into their leaves. Most importantly, these inherent advantages are already present at natural soil fertility levels and are maintained following nutrient enrichment.

AB - Aim: Nutrient enrichment is associated with plant invasions and biodiversity loss. Functional trait advantages may predict the ascendancy of invasive plants following nutrient enrichment but this is rarely tested. Here, we investigate (a) whether dominant native and non-native plants differ in important morphological and physiological leaf traits, (b) how their traits respond to nutrient addition, and (c) whether responses are consistent across functional groups. Location: Australia, Europe, North America and South Africa. Time period: 2007–2014. Major taxa studied: Graminoids and forbs. Methods: We focused on two types of leaf traits connected to resource acquisition: morphological features relating to light-foraging surfaces and investment in tissue (specific leaf area, SLA) and physiological features relating to internal leaf chemistry as the basis for producing and utilizing photosynthate. We measured these traits on 503 leaves from 151 dominant species across 27 grasslands on four continents. We used an identical nutrient addition treatment of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at all sites. Sites represented a broad range of grasslands that varied widely in climatic and edaphic conditions. Results: We found evidence that non-native graminoids invest in leaves with higher nutrient concentrations than native graminoids, particularly at sites where native and non-native species both dominate. We found little evidence that native and non-native forbs differed in the measured leaf traits. These results were consistent in natural soil fertility levels and nutrient-enriched conditions, with dominant species responding similarly to nutrient addition regardless of whether they were native or non-native. Main conclusions: Our work identifies the inherent physiological trait advantages that can be used to predict non-native graminoid establishment, potentially because of higher efficiency at taking up crucial nutrients into their leaves. Most importantly, these inherent advantages are already present at natural soil fertility levels and are maintained following nutrient enrichment.

KW - biological invasions

KW - functional traits

KW - introduced species

KW - invasive species

KW - leaf traits

KW - native species

KW - nitrogen deposition

KW - NutNet

KW - nutrient availability

KW - plant traits

U2 - 10.1111/geb.13092

DO - 10.1111/geb.13092

M3 - Journal article

VL - 29

SP - 1126

EP - 1138

JO - Global Ecology and Biogeography

JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography

SN - 1466-822X

IS - 7

ER -