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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Enzymatic, urease-mediated mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel with calcium carbonate, magnesium-enriched calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate for bone regeneration applications.
AU - Douglas, Timothy Edward Lim
AU - Lapa, Agata
AU - Samal, Sangram
AU - Declercq, Heidi
AU - Declercq, Heidi
AU - Schaubroeck, David
AU - Mendes, Ana
AU - Van der Voort, Pascal
AU - Dokupil, Agnieszka
AU - Plis, Agnieszka
AU - De Schamphelaere, Karel
AU - Chronakis, Ioannis
AU - Pamula, Elzbieta
AU - Skirtach, Andre
PY - 2017/12
Y1 - 2017/12
N2 - Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials is considered desirable to improve their suitability as materials for bone regeneration. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been successfully applied as a bone regeneration material, but hydrogel‐CaCO3 composites have received less attention. Magnesium (Mg) has been used as a component of calcium phosphate biomaterials to stimulate bone‐forming cell adhesion and proliferation and bone regeneration in vivo, but its effect as a component of carbonate‐based biomaterials remains uninvestigated. In the present study, gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were mineralized enzymatically with CaCO3, Mg‐enriched CaCO3 and magnesium carbonate to generate composite biomaterials for bone regeneration. Hydrogels loaded with the enzyme urease were mineralized by incubation in mineralization media containing urea and different ratios of calcium and magnesium ions. Increasing the magnesium concentration decreased mineral crystallinity. At low magnesium concentrations calcite was formed, while at higher concentrations magnesian calcite was formed. Hydromagnesite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O) formed at high magnesium concentration in the absence of calcium. The amount of mineral formed and compressive strength decreased with increasing magnesium concentration in the mineralization medium. The calcium:magnesium elemental ratio in the mineral formed was higher than in the respective mineralization media. Mineralization of hydrogels with calcite or magnesian calcite promoted adhesion and growth of osteoblast‐like cells. Hydrogels mineralized with hydromagnesite displayed higher cytotoxicity. In conclusion, enzymatic mineralization of GG hydrogels with CaCO3 in the form of calcite successfully reinforced hydrogels and promoted osteoblast‐like cell adhesion and growth, but magnesium enrichment had no definitive positive effect.
AB - Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials is considered desirable to improve their suitability as materials for bone regeneration. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been successfully applied as a bone regeneration material, but hydrogel‐CaCO3 composites have received less attention. Magnesium (Mg) has been used as a component of calcium phosphate biomaterials to stimulate bone‐forming cell adhesion and proliferation and bone regeneration in vivo, but its effect as a component of carbonate‐based biomaterials remains uninvestigated. In the present study, gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were mineralized enzymatically with CaCO3, Mg‐enriched CaCO3 and magnesium carbonate to generate composite biomaterials for bone regeneration. Hydrogels loaded with the enzyme urease were mineralized by incubation in mineralization media containing urea and different ratios of calcium and magnesium ions. Increasing the magnesium concentration decreased mineral crystallinity. At low magnesium concentrations calcite was formed, while at higher concentrations magnesian calcite was formed. Hydromagnesite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O) formed at high magnesium concentration in the absence of calcium. The amount of mineral formed and compressive strength decreased with increasing magnesium concentration in the mineralization medium. The calcium:magnesium elemental ratio in the mineral formed was higher than in the respective mineralization media. Mineralization of hydrogels with calcite or magnesian calcite promoted adhesion and growth of osteoblast‐like cells. Hydrogels mineralized with hydromagnesite displayed higher cytotoxicity. In conclusion, enzymatic mineralization of GG hydrogels with CaCO3 in the form of calcite successfully reinforced hydrogels and promoted osteoblast‐like cell adhesion and growth, but magnesium enrichment had no definitive positive effect.
KW - hydrogel
KW - gellan gum
KW - carbonate
KW - mineralization
KW - magnesium
KW - composite
KW - enzyme
U2 - 10.1002/term.2273
DO - 10.1002/term.2273
M3 - Journal article
SP - 3556
EP - 3566
JO - Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
JF - Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
SN - 1932-6254
ER -