TY - JOUR

T1 - Epilogues and last words in Shakespeare

T2 - Exploring patterns in a small corpus

AU - Findlay, A.

N1 - The final, definitive version of this article has been published in the Journal, Language and Literature, 29 (3), 2020, © SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020 by SAGE Publications Ltd at the Language and Literature page: https://journals.sagepub.com/home/lal on SAGE Journals Online: http://journals.sagepub.com/

PY - 2020/8/31

Y1 - 2020/8/31

N2 - This article considers the linguistic features of the speeches that end Shakespeare’s plays, some of which are formally labelled as Epilogues. It introduces a play’s last words as a type of paratext using the theoretical models devised by Genette (1997) Paratexts, trans. Lewin JE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and then considers the material evidence surrounding Epilogues, a specific form of last words, using research on their ephemeral and occasional nature by Stern (2009) Documents of Performance in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The difficulties of using corpus methods in the case of small, specialist subcorpora of paratexts is then considered, and the methodology adopted to extract and present the results is outlined. The demonstrates features of the Last Words corpus: how pronouns raise questions about the speaker’s stance (with reference to work by Goffman (1979) Footing. Semiotica 25(1–2): 1–29 and Messerli (2017) Participation structure in fictional discourse: authors, scriptwriters, audiences and characters. In Locher MA and Jucker AH (eds) Pragmatics of Fiction, Berlin and Boston: DeGruyter, pp. 25–54); how these speeches deploy the language of inclusivity; how they interpellate spectators or readers to promote a specific agenda. Because last words enact the fragile liminal moment where characters, actors and audience are united by their experience of the performance, the article considers their retrospective and prospective orientation. It demonstrates how the prominence of verbs like ‘shall’ and ‘will’ can be used for marketing purposes. The problems raised by uneven dispersion of terms are discussed leading to a case study of the Epilogue of As You Like It which demonstrates how its use of language is deliberately linked to the discursive world of the play which precedes it.

AB - This article considers the linguistic features of the speeches that end Shakespeare’s plays, some of which are formally labelled as Epilogues. It introduces a play’s last words as a type of paratext using the theoretical models devised by Genette (1997) Paratexts, trans. Lewin JE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and then considers the material evidence surrounding Epilogues, a specific form of last words, using research on their ephemeral and occasional nature by Stern (2009) Documents of Performance in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The difficulties of using corpus methods in the case of small, specialist subcorpora of paratexts is then considered, and the methodology adopted to extract and present the results is outlined. The demonstrates features of the Last Words corpus: how pronouns raise questions about the speaker’s stance (with reference to work by Goffman (1979) Footing. Semiotica 25(1–2): 1–29 and Messerli (2017) Participation structure in fictional discourse: authors, scriptwriters, audiences and characters. In Locher MA and Jucker AH (eds) Pragmatics of Fiction, Berlin and Boston: DeGruyter, pp. 25–54); how these speeches deploy the language of inclusivity; how they interpellate spectators or readers to promote a specific agenda. Because last words enact the fragile liminal moment where characters, actors and audience are united by their experience of the performance, the article considers their retrospective and prospective orientation. It demonstrates how the prominence of verbs like ‘shall’ and ‘will’ can be used for marketing purposes. The problems raised by uneven dispersion of terms are discussed leading to a case study of the Epilogue of As You Like It which demonstrates how its use of language is deliberately linked to the discursive world of the play which precedes it.

KW - Address

KW - As You Like It, dispersions

KW - epilogues

KW - interpellation

KW - last words

KW - paratext

KW - Shakespeare

KW - spectators

U2 - 10.1177/0963947020949442

DO - 10.1177/0963947020949442

M3 - Journal article

VL - 29

SP - 327

EP - 346

JO - Language and Literature

JF - Language and Literature

SN - 0963-9470

IS - 3

ER -