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    Rights statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Geopolitics on 1/1/2020, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2018.1465041

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Extraction in four dimensions: time, space and the emerging geo(-)politics of deep sea mining

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>1/01/2020
<mark>Journal</mark>Geopolitics
Issue number1
Volume25
Number of pages25
Pages (from-to)189-213
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date14/06/18
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Despite the truism that less is known about the deep-sea than outer space, deep-sea mining (DSM) is being promoted as the next frontier of resource extraction. In 2019, Nautilus Minerals hopes to become the world’s first company to mine the deep seabed in the waters off Papua New Guinea (PNG). DSM thus stands at the threshold of becoming a matter of politics; it has provoked a wide range of geopolitical imaginaries variously relating to ‘resource security’ and ‘progress’, on the one hand, and environmental disaster and precaution on the other. However, these accounts do little to address the specific ‘nature’ of the deep-sea, seabed and their extreme location and materialities, and are instead framed by classic geopolitical concerns with interstate relations. Against this background and illustrated by examples centred on PNG, this paper argues that future engagements with the geopolitics of DSM are more accurately conceptualised by an engagement with time as well as three dimensional space. This includes the multiple spatial and temporal registers through which both the geology and ecologies of seabed and seawater operate. By highlighting the importance of resource temporalities, it suggests that the geopolitics of both DSM and extraction in extreme places more generally is not only spatially complex, it is also a matter of time.

Bibliographic note

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Geopolitics on 1/1/2020, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2018.1465041