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Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings.

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Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings. / Hendry, P. C.; Lawson, N. Stuart; Lee, R. A. M. et al.
In: Nature, Vol. 368, No. 6469, 24.03.1994, p. 315-317.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Hendry, PC, Lawson, NS, Lee, RAM, McClintock, PVE & Williams, CDH 1994, 'Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings.', Nature, vol. 368, no. 6469, pp. 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1038/368315a0

APA

Hendry, P. C., Lawson, N. S., Lee, R. A. M., McClintock, P. V. E., & Williams, C. D. H. (1994). Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings. Nature, 368(6469), 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1038/368315a0

Vancouver

Hendry PC, Lawson NS, Lee RAM, McClintock PVE, Williams CDH. Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings. Nature. 1994 Mar 24;368(6469):315-317. doi: 10.1038/368315a0

Author

Hendry, P. C. ; Lawson, N. Stuart ; Lee, R. A. M. et al. / Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings. In: Nature. 1994 ; Vol. 368, No. 6469. pp. 315-317.

Bibtex

@article{dc5db4a0b9b34911b685509c720f109d,
title = "Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings.",
abstract = "Although the birth of the Universe is inaccessible to experimental study, aspects of cosmological theories can nonetheless be explored in the laboratory. Tiny inhomogeneities in the mix of particles and radiation produced in the Big Bang grew into the clusters of galaxies that we see today, but how those inhomogeneities arose and grew is still unclear. Cosmologies based on grand unified theories suggest that a symmetry-breaking phase transition occurred via the Higgs mechanism about 10^{34} s after the Big Bang as the Universe cooled through a critical temperature of 10^{27}K. It has been proposed by Kibble that this transition may have generated defects in the geometry of space-time (such as cosmic strings), which provided the inhomogeneities on which galaxies subsequently condensed. Zurek has suggested that it might be possible to model this cosmological phase transition by a laboratory analogue, the superfluid transition of liquid 4He induced by fast adiabatic expansion through the critical density. Here we report the results of such an experiment. We observe copious production of quantized vortices, the superfluid analogue of cosmic strings. These results support Kibble's contention that such defects were available in the early Universe to seed galaxy formation.",
author = "Hendry, {P. C.} and Lawson, {N. Stuart} and Lee, {R. A. M.} and McClintock, {Peter V. E.} and Williams, {C. D. H.}",
year = "1994",
month = mar,
day = "24",
doi = "10.1038/368315a0",
language = "English",
volume = "368",
pages = "315--317",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "6469",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Generation of defects in superfluid He-4 as an analogue of the formation of cosmic strings.

AU - Hendry, P. C.

AU - Lawson, N. Stuart

AU - Lee, R. A. M.

AU - McClintock, Peter V. E.

AU - Williams, C. D. H.

PY - 1994/3/24

Y1 - 1994/3/24

N2 - Although the birth of the Universe is inaccessible to experimental study, aspects of cosmological theories can nonetheless be explored in the laboratory. Tiny inhomogeneities in the mix of particles and radiation produced in the Big Bang grew into the clusters of galaxies that we see today, but how those inhomogeneities arose and grew is still unclear. Cosmologies based on grand unified theories suggest that a symmetry-breaking phase transition occurred via the Higgs mechanism about 10^{34} s after the Big Bang as the Universe cooled through a critical temperature of 10^{27}K. It has been proposed by Kibble that this transition may have generated defects in the geometry of space-time (such as cosmic strings), which provided the inhomogeneities on which galaxies subsequently condensed. Zurek has suggested that it might be possible to model this cosmological phase transition by a laboratory analogue, the superfluid transition of liquid 4He induced by fast adiabatic expansion through the critical density. Here we report the results of such an experiment. We observe copious production of quantized vortices, the superfluid analogue of cosmic strings. These results support Kibble's contention that such defects were available in the early Universe to seed galaxy formation.

AB - Although the birth of the Universe is inaccessible to experimental study, aspects of cosmological theories can nonetheless be explored in the laboratory. Tiny inhomogeneities in the mix of particles and radiation produced in the Big Bang grew into the clusters of galaxies that we see today, but how those inhomogeneities arose and grew is still unclear. Cosmologies based on grand unified theories suggest that a symmetry-breaking phase transition occurred via the Higgs mechanism about 10^{34} s after the Big Bang as the Universe cooled through a critical temperature of 10^{27}K. It has been proposed by Kibble that this transition may have generated defects in the geometry of space-time (such as cosmic strings), which provided the inhomogeneities on which galaxies subsequently condensed. Zurek has suggested that it might be possible to model this cosmological phase transition by a laboratory analogue, the superfluid transition of liquid 4He induced by fast adiabatic expansion through the critical density. Here we report the results of such an experiment. We observe copious production of quantized vortices, the superfluid analogue of cosmic strings. These results support Kibble's contention that such defects were available in the early Universe to seed galaxy formation.

U2 - 10.1038/368315a0

DO - 10.1038/368315a0

M3 - Journal article

VL - 368

SP - 315

EP - 317

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

SN - 0028-0836

IS - 6469

ER -