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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigation of source apportioning for α-HCH using enantioselective analysis
AU - Covaci, Adrian
AU - Gheorghe, Adriana
AU - Meijer, Sandra
AU - Jaward, Foday
AU - Jantunen, Liisa
AU - Neels, Hugo
AU - Jones, Kevin C.
PY - 2010/5/1
Y1 - 2010/5/1
N2 - Enantiomeric analysis can be used as a complementary tool for source apportionment of chiral compounds, particularly for α-HCH. In this study we used archived samples from studies related to the distribution of POPs in air-water and air-soil-grass systems. Such approach is based on the behaviour of chiral compounds released into the atmosphere from a primary source, when they are expected to show racemic or close to racemic composition. Contrarily, when chiral compounds have been reemitted from secondary sources (e.g. water or soil), their enantiomeric signatures are frequently non-racemic and are similar to the signature of the secondary source. To show such evidence, extracts from passive air samples deployed throughout Europe were analyzed for the enantiomers of α-HCH. The proximity to a large water body showed a high impact on the enantiomeric signatures: Baltic air had enantiomeric fractions (EFs) <0.500, while Mediterranean air had predominantly EFs >0.500. Similarly, Atlantic air showed a latitude influence: above 50°N most EFs <0.500, whereas at latitudes below 50°N, EFs were >0.500. A similar trend was also observed for EFs of α-HCH measured in air samples from a latitudinal transect during an Atlantic cruise. This transect shows that samples from higher latitudes (above 40°N) have EF <0.500, whereas in the more southern samples (African coast and Southern Atlantic), there is no clear trend for EFs. Inland air samples showed a large range in EF values, with racemic signatures for samples with the highest α-HCH concentrations and an increasing spread in the EFs for lower α-HCH concentrations. As expected, the EF values of α-HCH in air, soils and grass were also impacted by latitude. Correlations between EFs and geographic characteristics of the sampling locations, as well as α-HCH concentrations, α-/γ-isomer ratios, or temperature suggest that enantioselective analysis can give additional information on the distribution and sources of α-HCH in the environment.
AB - Enantiomeric analysis can be used as a complementary tool for source apportionment of chiral compounds, particularly for α-HCH. In this study we used archived samples from studies related to the distribution of POPs in air-water and air-soil-grass systems. Such approach is based on the behaviour of chiral compounds released into the atmosphere from a primary source, when they are expected to show racemic or close to racemic composition. Contrarily, when chiral compounds have been reemitted from secondary sources (e.g. water or soil), their enantiomeric signatures are frequently non-racemic and are similar to the signature of the secondary source. To show such evidence, extracts from passive air samples deployed throughout Europe were analyzed for the enantiomers of α-HCH. The proximity to a large water body showed a high impact on the enantiomeric signatures: Baltic air had enantiomeric fractions (EFs) <0.500, while Mediterranean air had predominantly EFs >0.500. Similarly, Atlantic air showed a latitude influence: above 50°N most EFs <0.500, whereas at latitudes below 50°N, EFs were >0.500. A similar trend was also observed for EFs of α-HCH measured in air samples from a latitudinal transect during an Atlantic cruise. This transect shows that samples from higher latitudes (above 40°N) have EF <0.500, whereas in the more southern samples (African coast and Southern Atlantic), there is no clear trend for EFs. Inland air samples showed a large range in EF values, with racemic signatures for samples with the highest α-HCH concentrations and an increasing spread in the EFs for lower α-HCH concentrations. As expected, the EF values of α-HCH in air, soils and grass were also impacted by latitude. Correlations between EFs and geographic characteristics of the sampling locations, as well as α-HCH concentrations, α-/γ-isomer ratios, or temperature suggest that enantioselective analysis can give additional information on the distribution and sources of α-HCH in the environment.
KW - Air
KW - Alpha-HCH
KW - Enantiomers
KW - Grass
KW - Passive samplers
KW - Soil
KW - Source apportionment
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2010.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2010.01.003
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:77951025714
VL - 36
SP - 316
EP - 322
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
SN - 0160-4120
IS - 4
ER -