Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Additive Manufacturing. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Additive Manufacturing, 20, 2018 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.010
Accepted author manuscript, 1.94 MB, PDF document
Available under license: CC BY-NC-ND: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Material interactions in laser polishing powder bed additive manufactured Ti6Al4V components
AU - Tian, Yingtao
AU - Gora, Wojciech S.
AU - Cabo, Aldara P.
AU - Parimi, Lakshmi L.
AU - Hand, Duncan P.
AU - Tammas-Williams, Samuel
AU - Prangnell, Philip B.
N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Additive Manufacturing. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Additive Manufacturing, 20, 2018 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.010
PY - 2018/3
Y1 - 2018/3
N2 - Laser polishing (LP) is an emerging technique with the potential to be used for post-build, or in-situ, precision smoothing of rough, fatigue-initiation prone, surfaces of additive manufactured (AM) components. LP uses a laser to re-melt a thin surface layer and smooths the surface by exploiting surface tension effects in the melt pool. However, rapid re-solidification of the melted surface layer and the associated substrate thermal exposure can significantly modify the subsurface material. This study has used an electron beam melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V component, representing the worst case scenario in terms of roughness for a powder bed process, as an example to investigate these issues and evaluate the capability of the LP technique for improving the surface quality of AM parts. Experiments have shown that the surface roughness can be reduced to below Sa = 0.51 μm, which is comparable to a CNC machined surface, and high stress concentrating defects inherited from the AM process were removed by LP. However, the re-melted layer underwent a change in texture, grain structure, and a martensitic transformation, which was subsequently tempered in-situ by repeated beam rastering and resulted in a small increase in sub-surface hardness. In addition, a high level of near-surface tensile residual stresses was generated by the process, although they could be relaxed to near zero by a standard stress relief heat treatment.
AB - Laser polishing (LP) is an emerging technique with the potential to be used for post-build, or in-situ, precision smoothing of rough, fatigue-initiation prone, surfaces of additive manufactured (AM) components. LP uses a laser to re-melt a thin surface layer and smooths the surface by exploiting surface tension effects in the melt pool. However, rapid re-solidification of the melted surface layer and the associated substrate thermal exposure can significantly modify the subsurface material. This study has used an electron beam melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V component, representing the worst case scenario in terms of roughness for a powder bed process, as an example to investigate these issues and evaluate the capability of the LP technique for improving the surface quality of AM parts. Experiments have shown that the surface roughness can be reduced to below Sa = 0.51 μm, which is comparable to a CNC machined surface, and high stress concentrating defects inherited from the AM process were removed by LP. However, the re-melted layer underwent a change in texture, grain structure, and a martensitic transformation, which was subsequently tempered in-situ by repeated beam rastering and resulted in a small increase in sub-surface hardness. In addition, a high level of near-surface tensile residual stresses was generated by the process, although they could be relaxed to near zero by a standard stress relief heat treatment.
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - Laser polishing
KW - Titanium
KW - Microstructure
KW - Residual stresses
U2 - 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.010
DO - 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.010
M3 - Journal article
VL - 20
SP - 11
EP - 22
JO - Additive Manufacturing
JF - Additive Manufacturing
SN - 2214-8604
ER -