TY - JOUR

T1 - Movement of nonionic organic chemicals in agricultural soils.

AU - Beck, A. J.

AU - Johnston, A. E.

AU - Jones, K. C.

PY - 1993

Y1 - 1993

N2 - During the last decade, it has been reported that groundwater, surface water, food crops, livestock, and human tissue have all been contaminated with organic chemicals. Although much of the early work focused on pesticides, more recent studies have shown that a wider range of anthropogenic organic chemicals, many of which are designated as priority pollutants, also have been detected. Clearly, the movement of these chemicals through soil governs their potential to be transferred into water courses and foodchains. This review presents an overview of recent advances in sorption/desorption and transport phenomena. Theories currently being invoked to explain the mechanisms of sorption/desorption are discussed and their classification and numerical characterization are described. Water movement and its implications for solute transport are discussed, with emphasis being placed on the importance of soil structure. Finally, the impact of intrinsic factors, such as spatial and temporal variability of weather and climate and the natural heterogeneity of soil physico-chemical properties, and extrinsic factors, such as cultivation technique, sludge application, drainage, irrigation, and crop residue disposal, on the persistence and movement of organic chemicals are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on behavior at the field scale and, whenever possible, recent examples from the literature are discussed.

AB - During the last decade, it has been reported that groundwater, surface water, food crops, livestock, and human tissue have all been contaminated with organic chemicals. Although much of the early work focused on pesticides, more recent studies have shown that a wider range of anthropogenic organic chemicals, many of which are designated as priority pollutants, also have been detected. Clearly, the movement of these chemicals through soil governs their potential to be transferred into water courses and foodchains. This review presents an overview of recent advances in sorption/desorption and transport phenomena. Theories currently being invoked to explain the mechanisms of sorption/desorption are discussed and their classification and numerical characterization are described. Water movement and its implications for solute transport are discussed, with emphasis being placed on the importance of soil structure. Finally, the impact of intrinsic factors, such as spatial and temporal variability of weather and climate and the natural heterogeneity of soil physico-chemical properties, and extrinsic factors, such as cultivation technique, sludge application, drainage, irrigation, and crop residue disposal, on the persistence and movement of organic chemicals are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on behavior at the field scale and, whenever possible, recent examples from the literature are discussed.

KW - sorption

KW - desorption

KW - nonequilibrium

KW - kinetics

KW - partitioning

KW - leaching

KW - bypass flow

KW - weather

KW - cultivation

KW - drainage

KW - irrigation

KW - sludge

KW - crop residues

U2 - 10.1080/10643389309388452

DO - 10.1080/10643389309388452

M3 - Journal article

VL - 23

SP - 219

EP - 248

JO - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

SN - 1064-3389

IS - 3

ER -