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Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity.

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Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity. / Winkler, Karin; Wäckers, Felix L.; Kaufman, Leyla V. et al.
In: Biological Control, Vol. 50, No. 3, 09.2009, p. 299-306.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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Winkler K, Wäckers FL, Kaufman LV, Larraz V, van Lenteren JC. Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity. Biological Control. 2009 Sept;50(3):299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.009

Author

Winkler, Karin ; Wäckers, Felix L. ; Kaufman, Leyla V. et al. / Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity. In: Biological Control. 2009 ; Vol. 50, No. 3. pp. 299-306.

Bibtex

@article{940748f9e5f44cb08b65748cd594fa9c,
title = "Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity.",
abstract = "In conservation biological control, diversification of the agro ecosystem with flowering vegetation is seen as an important tool to support the broad range of predators and parasitoids that require nectar and pollen sources to survive and reproduce. In order to identify flowering plants that provide suitable food sources for natural enemies without supporting the pest species, we analyzed the exploitation of 19 flowering plants by two important lepidopteran cabbage pests, Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella, and their hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia glomerata and Diadegma semiclausum. The experiments were conducted at 90% r.h., while Pieris rapae was tested both at 45% r.h. and at 90% r.h. At 45 ± 5% r.h., corresponding with field conditions at which P. rapae is predominantly active, the butterfly was unable to feed on a number of exposed floral nectar sources whose nectar was successfully exploited at 90% r.h. The broader nectar exploitation by P. rapae at the high humidity is presumably explained by the resulting decrease in nectar viscosity. When comparing D. semiclausum and its herbivorous host P. xylostella, the herbivore exploited a broader range of plants. However, those plants that benefited both the parasitoid and the herbivore had a much stronger effect on the longevity of the parasitoid. The results from the accessibility bioassay suggest that flowers where nectar is not accessible can have a negative impact on insect survival presumably by stimulating foraging without providing accessible nectar. Our results underline the importance of considering species-specific environmental conditions when fine-tuning the choice of nectar sources to be used in conservation biological control programs.",
keywords = "Conservation biological control, Nectar, Cabbage, Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, Cotesia glomerata, Diadegma semiclausum, Herbivore, Parasitoid, Accessibility, Longevity, Selectivity",
author = "Karin Winkler and W{\"a}ckers, {Felix L.} and Kaufman, {Leyla V.} and Virginia Larraz and {van Lenteren}, {Joop C.}",
year = "2009",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.009",
language = "English",
volume = "50",
pages = "299--306",
journal = "Biological Control",
issn = "1049-9644",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "3",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nectar exploitation by herbivores and their parasitoids is a function of flower species and relative humidity.

AU - Winkler, Karin

AU - Wäckers, Felix L.

AU - Kaufman, Leyla V.

AU - Larraz, Virginia

AU - van Lenteren, Joop C.

PY - 2009/9

Y1 - 2009/9

N2 - In conservation biological control, diversification of the agro ecosystem with flowering vegetation is seen as an important tool to support the broad range of predators and parasitoids that require nectar and pollen sources to survive and reproduce. In order to identify flowering plants that provide suitable food sources for natural enemies without supporting the pest species, we analyzed the exploitation of 19 flowering plants by two important lepidopteran cabbage pests, Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella, and their hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia glomerata and Diadegma semiclausum. The experiments were conducted at 90% r.h., while Pieris rapae was tested both at 45% r.h. and at 90% r.h. At 45 ± 5% r.h., corresponding with field conditions at which P. rapae is predominantly active, the butterfly was unable to feed on a number of exposed floral nectar sources whose nectar was successfully exploited at 90% r.h. The broader nectar exploitation by P. rapae at the high humidity is presumably explained by the resulting decrease in nectar viscosity. When comparing D. semiclausum and its herbivorous host P. xylostella, the herbivore exploited a broader range of plants. However, those plants that benefited both the parasitoid and the herbivore had a much stronger effect on the longevity of the parasitoid. The results from the accessibility bioassay suggest that flowers where nectar is not accessible can have a negative impact on insect survival presumably by stimulating foraging without providing accessible nectar. Our results underline the importance of considering species-specific environmental conditions when fine-tuning the choice of nectar sources to be used in conservation biological control programs.

AB - In conservation biological control, diversification of the agro ecosystem with flowering vegetation is seen as an important tool to support the broad range of predators and parasitoids that require nectar and pollen sources to survive and reproduce. In order to identify flowering plants that provide suitable food sources for natural enemies without supporting the pest species, we analyzed the exploitation of 19 flowering plants by two important lepidopteran cabbage pests, Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella, and their hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia glomerata and Diadegma semiclausum. The experiments were conducted at 90% r.h., while Pieris rapae was tested both at 45% r.h. and at 90% r.h. At 45 ± 5% r.h., corresponding with field conditions at which P. rapae is predominantly active, the butterfly was unable to feed on a number of exposed floral nectar sources whose nectar was successfully exploited at 90% r.h. The broader nectar exploitation by P. rapae at the high humidity is presumably explained by the resulting decrease in nectar viscosity. When comparing D. semiclausum and its herbivorous host P. xylostella, the herbivore exploited a broader range of plants. However, those plants that benefited both the parasitoid and the herbivore had a much stronger effect on the longevity of the parasitoid. The results from the accessibility bioassay suggest that flowers where nectar is not accessible can have a negative impact on insect survival presumably by stimulating foraging without providing accessible nectar. Our results underline the importance of considering species-specific environmental conditions when fine-tuning the choice of nectar sources to be used in conservation biological control programs.

KW - Conservation biological control

KW - Nectar

KW - Cabbage

KW - Pieris rapae

KW - Plutella xylostella

KW - Cotesia glomerata

KW - Diadegma semiclausum

KW - Herbivore

KW - Parasitoid

KW - Accessibility

KW - Longevity

KW - Selectivity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67649494340&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.009

DO - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.009

M3 - Journal article

VL - 50

SP - 299

EP - 306

JO - Biological Control

JF - Biological Control

SN - 1049-9644

IS - 3

ER -