Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically important transboundary disease of sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, and Turkey. It is one of the World Organization for Animal Health (WHO) notifiable diseases and is considered important for poverty alleviation in PPRV-endemic regions. Significant research has been directed toward improved vaccine, diagnosis, and epidemiology of the virus in recent years; however, research on fundamental aspects of the virus is required, especially when disease spectrum and distributions patterns are increasing. This chapter is designed to provide an overview of each chapter that is describing comprehensively a specific aspect of PPRV in the book.