Home > Research > Publications & Outputs > Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in a...

Electronic data

  • Final_Submitted_Paper_JIRD

    Rights statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: es in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. McMahon, M., Hatton, C., and Bowring, D. L. (2020) Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64: 834– 851. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12775 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jir.12775 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes.

    Accepted author manuscript, 1.09 MB, PDF document

    Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Links

Text available via DOI:

View graph of relations

Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published

Standard

Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study. / McMahon, Martin; Hatton, Chris; Bowring, Darren Lee.
In: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, Vol. 64, No. 11, 01.11.2020, p. 834-851.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

APA

Vancouver

McMahon M, Hatton C, Bowring DL. Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2020 Nov 1;64(11):834-851. Epub 2020 Sept 9. doi: 10.1111/jir.12775

Author

McMahon, Martin ; Hatton, Chris ; Bowring, Darren Lee. / Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability : a cross‐sectional total population study. In: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2020 ; Vol. 64, No. 11. pp. 834-851.

Bibtex

@article{12d68b495a2e47c684679de74fbaedeb,
title = "Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study",
abstract = "BackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) are prescribed high levels of medication, with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy common. However, reported rates vary between studies, and there has been an over‐reliance on obtaining data from convenience samples. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of medication use and polypharmacy in a population‐level sample of adults with IDs. Factors associated with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are explored.MethodsWe used a total population sample of 217 adults with IDs known to services in Jersey (sampling frame n = 285). The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used to categorise medications that participants were currently taking on a regular basis. We examined associations of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy with socio‐economic status, health and demographic variables using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 83.4% of participants were prescribed medication, with high doses common. Of the participants, 38.2% were exposed to polypharmacy while 23% of participants were exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy. After controlling for demographic, health and socio‐economic characteristics, polypharmacy was significantly associated with older age, increased severity of ID, living in a residential setting and having increased comorbidities. Psychotropic polypharmacy was associated with being male, being aged 50+ years and having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course. Being prescribed psychotropic drugs above the defined daily dose was not associated with having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course, suggesting the possibility of {\textquoteleft}off label{\textquoteright} prescribing.ConclusionsOur results indicate that medication use, in high doses, alongside polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are highly prevalent in adults with ID. The exposure to multiple medications increases the risk of developing adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems. Future population‐level, prospective cohort studies should examine the prevalence of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy using standardised definitions and consider the potential impact of adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems in this population.",
keywords = "health, intellectual disability, medication, polypharmacy, psychotropic polypharmacy, socio‐economic status",
author = "Martin McMahon and Chris Hatton and Bowring, {Darren Lee}",
note = "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: es in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. McMahon, M., Hatton, C., and Bowring, D. L. (2020) Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64: 834– 851. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12775 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jir.12775 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes.",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/jir.12775",
language = "English",
volume = "64",
pages = "834--851",
journal = "Journal of Intellectual Disability Research",
issn = "0964-2633",
publisher = "Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "11",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability

T2 - a cross‐sectional total population study

AU - McMahon, Martin

AU - Hatton, Chris

AU - Bowring, Darren Lee

N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: es in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. McMahon, M., Hatton, C., and Bowring, D. L. (2020) Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64: 834– 851. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12775 which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jir.12775 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes.

PY - 2020/11/1

Y1 - 2020/11/1

N2 - BackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) are prescribed high levels of medication, with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy common. However, reported rates vary between studies, and there has been an over‐reliance on obtaining data from convenience samples. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of medication use and polypharmacy in a population‐level sample of adults with IDs. Factors associated with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are explored.MethodsWe used a total population sample of 217 adults with IDs known to services in Jersey (sampling frame n = 285). The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used to categorise medications that participants were currently taking on a regular basis. We examined associations of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy with socio‐economic status, health and demographic variables using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 83.4% of participants were prescribed medication, with high doses common. Of the participants, 38.2% were exposed to polypharmacy while 23% of participants were exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy. After controlling for demographic, health and socio‐economic characteristics, polypharmacy was significantly associated with older age, increased severity of ID, living in a residential setting and having increased comorbidities. Psychotropic polypharmacy was associated with being male, being aged 50+ years and having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course. Being prescribed psychotropic drugs above the defined daily dose was not associated with having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course, suggesting the possibility of ‘off label’ prescribing.ConclusionsOur results indicate that medication use, in high doses, alongside polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are highly prevalent in adults with ID. The exposure to multiple medications increases the risk of developing adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems. Future population‐level, prospective cohort studies should examine the prevalence of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy using standardised definitions and consider the potential impact of adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems in this population.

AB - BackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) are prescribed high levels of medication, with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy common. However, reported rates vary between studies, and there has been an over‐reliance on obtaining data from convenience samples. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of medication use and polypharmacy in a population‐level sample of adults with IDs. Factors associated with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are explored.MethodsWe used a total population sample of 217 adults with IDs known to services in Jersey (sampling frame n = 285). The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used to categorise medications that participants were currently taking on a regular basis. We examined associations of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy with socio‐economic status, health and demographic variables using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 83.4% of participants were prescribed medication, with high doses common. Of the participants, 38.2% were exposed to polypharmacy while 23% of participants were exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy. After controlling for demographic, health and socio‐economic characteristics, polypharmacy was significantly associated with older age, increased severity of ID, living in a residential setting and having increased comorbidities. Psychotropic polypharmacy was associated with being male, being aged 50+ years and having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course. Being prescribed psychotropic drugs above the defined daily dose was not associated with having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course, suggesting the possibility of ‘off label’ prescribing.ConclusionsOur results indicate that medication use, in high doses, alongside polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are highly prevalent in adults with ID. The exposure to multiple medications increases the risk of developing adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems. Future population‐level, prospective cohort studies should examine the prevalence of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy using standardised definitions and consider the potential impact of adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems in this population.

KW - health

KW - intellectual disability

KW - medication

KW - polypharmacy

KW - psychotropic polypharmacy

KW - socio‐economic status

U2 - 10.1111/jir.12775

DO - 10.1111/jir.12775

M3 - Journal article

VL - 64

SP - 834

EP - 851

JO - Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

JF - Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

SN - 0964-2633

IS - 11

ER -