Alongside the use of metal cations and π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding is one of the major templating interactions used to prepare rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, a brief summary of key historical milestones will be followed by discussion of developments from over the last decade in both synthetic methodology and application of hydrogen bond templated interlocked molecules. Hydrogen bond templation can allow for rapid access to interlocked molecules in high yields, with select examples having been put to useful purpose, in applications such as organocatalysis and cellular imaging.