In discussions of the globalization of professional service firms there is an increasing recognition that understanding the �social construction� of organizational architectures is essential. In this paper we argue, using the management of transnational law firms as an example, that to effectively understand these social constructions we must reincorporate an understanding of the principles of professionalism into discussions. We highlight the importance of occupational autonomy to professionals and how this is likely to influence the strategies used by global professional service firms. We also point to what we term the �varieties of professionalism� and the spatially variable professional projects that underlie the values and identities of lawyers. This reveals the way rational and efficient forms of organizing have to be adapted as a result of professional values and the diverse ideals and beliefs of lawyers in different international jurisdictions.