TY - JOUR

T1 - Repeated measures regression mixture models

AU - Kim, M.

AU - Van Horn, M.L.

AU - Jaki, T.

AU - Vermunt, J.

AU - Feaster, D.

AU - Lichstein, K.L.

AU - Taylor, D.J.

AU - Riedel, B.W.

AU - Bush, A.J.

N1 - The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01257-7

PY - 2020/4/1

Y1 - 2020/4/1

N2 - Regression mixture models are one increasingly utilized approach for developing theories about and exploring the heterogeneity of effects. In this study we aimed to extend the current use of regression mixtures to a repeated regression mixture method when repeated measures, such as diary-type and experience-sampling method, data are available. We hypothesized that additional information borrowed from the repeated measures would improve the model performance, in terms of class enumeration and accuracy of the parameter estimates. We specifically compared three types of model specifications in regression mixtures: (a) traditional single-outcome model; (b) repeated measures models with three, five, and seven measures; and (c) a single-outcome model with the average of seven repeated measures. The results showed that the repeated measures regression mixture models substantially outperformed the traditional and average single-outcome models in class enumeration, with less bias in the parameter estimates. For sample size, whereas prior recommendations have suggested that regression mixtures require samples of well over 1,000 participants, even for classes at a large distance from each other (classes with regression weights of.20 vs.70), the present repeated measures regression mixture models allow for samples as low as 200 participants with an increased number (i.e., seven) of repeated measures. We also demonstrate an application of the proposed repeated measures approach using data from the Sleep Research Project. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

AB - Regression mixture models are one increasingly utilized approach for developing theories about and exploring the heterogeneity of effects. In this study we aimed to extend the current use of regression mixtures to a repeated regression mixture method when repeated measures, such as diary-type and experience-sampling method, data are available. We hypothesized that additional information borrowed from the repeated measures would improve the model performance, in terms of class enumeration and accuracy of the parameter estimates. We specifically compared three types of model specifications in regression mixtures: (a) traditional single-outcome model; (b) repeated measures models with three, five, and seven measures; and (c) a single-outcome model with the average of seven repeated measures. The results showed that the repeated measures regression mixture models substantially outperformed the traditional and average single-outcome models in class enumeration, with less bias in the parameter estimates. For sample size, whereas prior recommendations have suggested that regression mixtures require samples of well over 1,000 participants, even for classes at a large distance from each other (classes with regression weights of.20 vs.70), the present repeated measures regression mixture models allow for samples as low as 200 participants with an increased number (i.e., seven) of repeated measures. We also demonstrate an application of the proposed repeated measures approach using data from the Sleep Research Project. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

KW - Heterogeneous effects

KW - Regression mixture models

KW - Repeated measures

KW - Sample size

KW - adult

KW - article

KW - female

KW - human

KW - human experiment

KW - human tissue

KW - major clinical study

KW - male

KW - remission

KW - sample size

KW - sleep

U2 - 10.3758/s13428-019-01257-7

DO - 10.3758/s13428-019-01257-7

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31152385

VL - 52

SP - 591

EP - 606

JO - Behavior Research Methods

JF - Behavior Research Methods

SN - 1554-351X

IS - 2

ER -