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    Rights statement: © 2015 Optical Society of America]. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.

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Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating

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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>6/04/2015
<mark>Journal</mark>Optics Express
Issue number7
Volume23
Number of pages12
Pages (from-to)8507-8518
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date25/03/15
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

We demonstrate that full temporal characterisation of few-cycle electromagnetic pulses, including retrieval of the carrier envelope phase (CEP), can be directly obtained from Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) techniques in which the interference between non-linear frequency mixing processes is resolved. We derive a framework for this scheme, defined Real Domain FROG (ReD-FROG), for the cases of interference between sum and difference frequency components and between fundamental and sum / difference frequency components. A successful numerical demonstration of ReD-FROG as applied to the case of a self-referenced measurement is provided. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed in which the CEP of a single-cycle THz pulse is accurately obtained and demonstrates the possibility for THz detection beyond optical probe duration limitations inherent to electro-optic sampling.

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© 2015 Optical Society of America]. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved.