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Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering

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Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering. / Haw, D.J.; Pung, R.; Read, J.M. et al.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 117, No. 38, 22.09.2020, p. 23636-23642.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Haw, DJ, Pung, R, Read, JM & Riley, S 2020, 'Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 117, no. 38, pp. 23636-23642. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910181117

APA

Haw, D. J., Pung, R., Read, J. M., & Riley, S. (2020). Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(38), 23636-23642. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910181117

Vancouver

Haw DJ, Pung R, Read JM, Riley S. Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 Sept 22;117(38):23636-23642. Epub 2020 Sept 8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910181117

Author

Haw, D.J. ; Pung, R. ; Read, J.M. et al. / Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020 ; Vol. 117, No. 38. pp. 23636-23642.

Bibtex

@article{e9de5d6d344a4e7db52a84fa91d18ed7,
title = "Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering",
abstract = "Some directly transmitted human pathogens, such as influenza and measles, generate sustained exponential growth in incidence and have a high peak incidence consistent with the rapid depletion of susceptible individuals. Many do not. While a prolonged exponential phase typically arises in traditional disease-dynamic models, current quantitative descriptions of nonstandard epidemic profiles are either abstract, phenomenological, or rely on highly skewed offspring distributions in network models. Here, we create large socio-spatial networks to represent contact behavior using human population-density data, a previously developed fitting algorithm, and gravity-like mobility kernels. We define a basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] for this system, analogous to that used for compartmental models. Controlling for [Formula: see text], we then explore networks with a household-workplace structure in which between-household contacts can be formed with varying degrees of spatial correlation, determined by a single parameter from the gravity-like kernel. By varying this single parameter and simulating epidemic spread, we are able to identify how more frequent local movement can lead to strong spatial correlation and, thus, induce subexponential outbreak dynamics with lower, later epidemic peaks. Also, the ratio of peak height to final size was much smaller when movement was highly spatially correlated. We investigate the topological properties of our networks via a generalized clustering coefficient that extends beyond immediate neighborhoods, identifying very strong correlations between fourth-order clustering and nonstandard epidemic dynamics. Our results motivate the observation of both incidence and socio-spatial human behavior during epidemics that exhibit nonstandard incidence patterns. ",
keywords = "clustering, epidemics, networks, subexponential",
author = "D.J. Haw and R. Pung and J.M. Read and S. Riley",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1910181117",
language = "English",
volume = "117",
pages = "23636--23642",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "38",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Strong spatial embedding of social networks generates nonstandard epidemic dynamics independent of degree distribution and clustering

AU - Haw, D.J.

AU - Pung, R.

AU - Read, J.M.

AU - Riley, S.

PY - 2020/9/22

Y1 - 2020/9/22

N2 - Some directly transmitted human pathogens, such as influenza and measles, generate sustained exponential growth in incidence and have a high peak incidence consistent with the rapid depletion of susceptible individuals. Many do not. While a prolonged exponential phase typically arises in traditional disease-dynamic models, current quantitative descriptions of nonstandard epidemic profiles are either abstract, phenomenological, or rely on highly skewed offspring distributions in network models. Here, we create large socio-spatial networks to represent contact behavior using human population-density data, a previously developed fitting algorithm, and gravity-like mobility kernels. We define a basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] for this system, analogous to that used for compartmental models. Controlling for [Formula: see text], we then explore networks with a household-workplace structure in which between-household contacts can be formed with varying degrees of spatial correlation, determined by a single parameter from the gravity-like kernel. By varying this single parameter and simulating epidemic spread, we are able to identify how more frequent local movement can lead to strong spatial correlation and, thus, induce subexponential outbreak dynamics with lower, later epidemic peaks. Also, the ratio of peak height to final size was much smaller when movement was highly spatially correlated. We investigate the topological properties of our networks via a generalized clustering coefficient that extends beyond immediate neighborhoods, identifying very strong correlations between fourth-order clustering and nonstandard epidemic dynamics. Our results motivate the observation of both incidence and socio-spatial human behavior during epidemics that exhibit nonstandard incidence patterns.

AB - Some directly transmitted human pathogens, such as influenza and measles, generate sustained exponential growth in incidence and have a high peak incidence consistent with the rapid depletion of susceptible individuals. Many do not. While a prolonged exponential phase typically arises in traditional disease-dynamic models, current quantitative descriptions of nonstandard epidemic profiles are either abstract, phenomenological, or rely on highly skewed offspring distributions in network models. Here, we create large socio-spatial networks to represent contact behavior using human population-density data, a previously developed fitting algorithm, and gravity-like mobility kernels. We define a basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] for this system, analogous to that used for compartmental models. Controlling for [Formula: see text], we then explore networks with a household-workplace structure in which between-household contacts can be formed with varying degrees of spatial correlation, determined by a single parameter from the gravity-like kernel. By varying this single parameter and simulating epidemic spread, we are able to identify how more frequent local movement can lead to strong spatial correlation and, thus, induce subexponential outbreak dynamics with lower, later epidemic peaks. Also, the ratio of peak height to final size was much smaller when movement was highly spatially correlated. We investigate the topological properties of our networks via a generalized clustering coefficient that extends beyond immediate neighborhoods, identifying very strong correlations between fourth-order clustering and nonstandard epidemic dynamics. Our results motivate the observation of both incidence and socio-spatial human behavior during epidemics that exhibit nonstandard incidence patterns.

KW - clustering

KW - epidemics

KW - networks

KW - subexponential

U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1910181117

DO - 10.1073/pnas.1910181117

M3 - Journal article

VL - 117

SP - 23636

EP - 23642

JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

SN - 0027-8424

IS - 38

ER -