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  • 1902.07982v1

    Rights statement: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Stergios Amarantidis, José Afonso, Hugo Messias, Bruno Henriques, Andrew Griffin, Cedric Lacey, Claudia del P Lagos, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Yohan Dubois, Marta Volonteri, Israel Matute, Ciro Pappalardo, Yuxiang Qin, Ranga-Ram Chary, Ray P Norris; The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551

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The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations

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The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations. / Amarantidis, Stergios; Afonso, José; Messias, Hugo et al.
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, No. 2, 01.05.2019, p. 2694–2709.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Amarantidis, S, Afonso, J, Messias, H, Henriques, B, Griffin, A, Lacey, C, Lagos, CDP, Gonzalez-Perez, V, Dubois, Y, Volonteri, M, Matute, I, Pappalardo, C, Qin, Y, Chary, R-R & Norris, RP 2019, 'The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 485, no. 2, pp. 2694–2709. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551

APA

Amarantidis, S., Afonso, J., Messias, H., Henriques, B., Griffin, A., Lacey, C., Lagos, C. D. P., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Dubois, Y., Volonteri, M., Matute, I., Pappalardo, C., Qin, Y., Chary, R.-R., & Norris, R. P. (2019). The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 485(2), 2694–2709. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551

Vancouver

Amarantidis S, Afonso J, Messias H, Henriques B, Griffin A, Lacey C et al. The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2019 May 1;485(2):2694–2709. Epub 2019 Feb 26. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz551

Author

Amarantidis, Stergios ; Afonso, José ; Messias, Hugo et al. / The first Super Massive Black Holes : indications from models for future observations. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2019 ; Vol. 485, No. 2. pp. 2694–2709.

Bibtex

@article{26546396860f4580bf0d2616fdf8a2dc,
title = "The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations",
abstract = "We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number and radiative characteristics of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) at $z\geq 6$, a redshift range that will be intensively explored by the next generation of telescopes, in particular in the radio through the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and at high energies with ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory. We find that Athena will be able to observe over 5000 AGN/$\rm deg^2$ at the Epoch of Re-ionization (EoR), $6\leq z \leq 10$. Similarly, for the same redshift range the models/simulations suggest that SKA will detect at least 400 AGN/$\rm deg^2$. Additionally, we stress the importance of the volume of the simulation box as well as the initial physical conditions of the models/simulations on their effect on the luminosity functions (LFs) and the creation of the most massive SMBHs that we currently observe at the EoR. Furthermore, following the evolution of the accretion mode of the SMBHs in each model/simulation, we show that, while the quasar dominates over the radio mode at the EoR, detection at radio wavelengths still reaches significant numbers even at the highest redshifts. Finally, we present the effect that the radiative efficiency has on the LFs by comparing results produced with a constant value for the radiative efficiency and more complex calculations based on the spin of each SMBH. ",
keywords = "galaxies: high-redshift, quasars:general, radio:continuum:galaxies, X-rays:galaxies",
author = "Stergios Amarantidis and Jos{\'e} Afonso and Hugo Messias and Bruno Henriques and Andrew Griffin and Cedric Lacey and Lagos, {Claudia del P.} and Violeta Gonzalez-Perez and Yohan Dubois and Marta Volonteri and Israel Matute and Ciro Pappalardo and Yuxiang Qin and Ranga-Ram Chary and Norris, {Ray P.}",
note = "This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Stergios Amarantidis, Jos{\'e} Afonso, Hugo Messias, Bruno Henriques, Andrew Griffin, Cedric Lacey, Claudia del P Lagos, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Yohan Dubois, Marta Volonteri, Israel Matute, Ciro Pappalardo, Yuxiang Qin, Ranga-Ram Chary, Ray P Norris; The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551",
year = "2019",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stz551",
language = "English",
volume = "485",
pages = "2694–2709",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "OXFORD UNIV PRESS",
number = "2",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The first Super Massive Black Holes

T2 - indications from models for future observations

AU - Amarantidis, Stergios

AU - Afonso, José

AU - Messias, Hugo

AU - Henriques, Bruno

AU - Griffin, Andrew

AU - Lacey, Cedric

AU - Lagos, Claudia del P.

AU - Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta

AU - Dubois, Yohan

AU - Volonteri, Marta

AU - Matute, Israel

AU - Pappalardo, Ciro

AU - Qin, Yuxiang

AU - Chary, Ranga-Ram

AU - Norris, Ray P.

N1 - This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Stergios Amarantidis, José Afonso, Hugo Messias, Bruno Henriques, Andrew Griffin, Cedric Lacey, Claudia del P Lagos, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Yohan Dubois, Marta Volonteri, Israel Matute, Ciro Pappalardo, Yuxiang Qin, Ranga-Ram Chary, Ray P Norris; The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551

PY - 2019/5/1

Y1 - 2019/5/1

N2 - We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number and radiative characteristics of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) at $z\geq 6$, a redshift range that will be intensively explored by the next generation of telescopes, in particular in the radio through the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and at high energies with ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory. We find that Athena will be able to observe over 5000 AGN/$\rm deg^2$ at the Epoch of Re-ionization (EoR), $6\leq z \leq 10$. Similarly, for the same redshift range the models/simulations suggest that SKA will detect at least 400 AGN/$\rm deg^2$. Additionally, we stress the importance of the volume of the simulation box as well as the initial physical conditions of the models/simulations on their effect on the luminosity functions (LFs) and the creation of the most massive SMBHs that we currently observe at the EoR. Furthermore, following the evolution of the accretion mode of the SMBHs in each model/simulation, we show that, while the quasar dominates over the radio mode at the EoR, detection at radio wavelengths still reaches significant numbers even at the highest redshifts. Finally, we present the effect that the radiative efficiency has on the LFs by comparing results produced with a constant value for the radiative efficiency and more complex calculations based on the spin of each SMBH.

AB - We present an exploration of the expected detection of the earliest Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the Universe from state-of-art galaxy formation and evolution semi-analytic models and hydro-dynamical simulations. We estimate the number and radiative characteristics of Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) at $z\geq 6$, a redshift range that will be intensively explored by the next generation of telescopes, in particular in the radio through the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and at high energies with ESA's Athena X-ray Observatory. We find that Athena will be able to observe over 5000 AGN/$\rm deg^2$ at the Epoch of Re-ionization (EoR), $6\leq z \leq 10$. Similarly, for the same redshift range the models/simulations suggest that SKA will detect at least 400 AGN/$\rm deg^2$. Additionally, we stress the importance of the volume of the simulation box as well as the initial physical conditions of the models/simulations on their effect on the luminosity functions (LFs) and the creation of the most massive SMBHs that we currently observe at the EoR. Furthermore, following the evolution of the accretion mode of the SMBHs in each model/simulation, we show that, while the quasar dominates over the radio mode at the EoR, detection at radio wavelengths still reaches significant numbers even at the highest redshifts. Finally, we present the effect that the radiative efficiency has on the LFs by comparing results produced with a constant value for the radiative efficiency and more complex calculations based on the spin of each SMBH.

KW - galaxies: high-redshift

KW - quasars:general

KW - radio:continuum:galaxies

KW - X-rays:galaxies

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz551

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz551

M3 - Journal article

VL - 485

SP - 2694

EP - 2709

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 2

ER -