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Weighted Pointer: Error-aware Gaze-based Interaction through Fallback Modalities

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
  • Ludwig Sidenmark
  • Mark Parent
  • Chi-Hao Wu
  • Joannes Chan
  • Michael Glueck
  • Daniel Wigdor
  • Tovi Grossman
  • Marcello Giordano
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>30/11/2022
<mark>Journal</mark>IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Issue number11
Volume28
Number of pages11
Pages (from-to)3585-3595
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date1/09/22
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Gaze-based interaction is a fast and ergonomic type of hands-free interaction that is often used with augmented and virtual reality when pointing at targets. Such interaction, however, can be cumbersome whenever user, tracking, or environmental factors cause eye tracking errors. Recent research has suggested that fallback modalities could be leveraged to ensure stable interaction irrespective of the current level of eye tracking error. This work thus presents Weighted Pointer interaction, a collection of error-aware pointing techniques that determine whether pointing should be performed by gaze, a fallback modality, or a combination of the two, depending on the level of eye tracking error that is present. These techniques enable users to accurately point at targets when eye tracking is accurate and inaccurate. A virtual reality target selection study demonstrated that Weighted Pointer techniques were more performant and preferred over techniques that required the use of manual modality switching.

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©2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.