Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A dependence measure for multivariate and spatial extreme values: properties and inference.
AU - Tawn, Jonathan A.
AU - Schlather, Martin
N1 - RAE_import_type : Journal article RAE_uoa_type : Statistics and Operational Research
PY - 2003/3
Y1 - 2003/3
N2 - We present properties of a dependence measure that arises in the study of extreme values in multivariate and spatial problems. For multivariate problems the dependence measure characterises dependence at the bivariate level, for all pairs and all higher orders up to and including the dimension of the variable.Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for subsets of dependence measures to be self-consistent, that is to guarantee the existence of a distribution with such a subset of values for the dependence measure. For pairwise dependence, these conditions are given in terms of positive semidefinite matrices and non-differentiable, positive definite functions. We construct new nonparametric estimators for the dependence measure which, unlike all naive nonparametric estimators, impose these self-consistency properties. As the new estimators provide an improvement on the naive methods, both in terms of the inferential and interpretability properties, their use in exploratory extreme value analyses should aid the identification of appropriate dependence models. The methods are illustrated through an analysis of simulated multivariate data, which shows that a lack of self-consistency is frequently a problem with the existing estimators, and by a spatial analysis of daily rainfall extremes in south-west England, which finds a smooth decay in extremal dependence with distance.
AB - We present properties of a dependence measure that arises in the study of extreme values in multivariate and spatial problems. For multivariate problems the dependence measure characterises dependence at the bivariate level, for all pairs and all higher orders up to and including the dimension of the variable.Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for subsets of dependence measures to be self-consistent, that is to guarantee the existence of a distribution with such a subset of values for the dependence measure. For pairwise dependence, these conditions are given in terms of positive semidefinite matrices and non-differentiable, positive definite functions. We construct new nonparametric estimators for the dependence measure which, unlike all naive nonparametric estimators, impose these self-consistency properties. As the new estimators provide an improvement on the naive methods, both in terms of the inferential and interpretability properties, their use in exploratory extreme value analyses should aid the identification of appropriate dependence models. The methods are illustrated through an analysis of simulated multivariate data, which shows that a lack of self-consistency is frequently a problem with the existing estimators, and by a spatial analysis of daily rainfall extremes in south-west England, which finds a smooth decay in extremal dependence with distance.
KW - Dependence measure
KW - Extreme value
KW - Max-stable process
KW - Multivariate extreme-value distribution
U2 - 10.1093/biomet/90.1.139
DO - 10.1093/biomet/90.1.139
M3 - Journal article
VL - 90
SP - 139
EP - 156
JO - Biometrika
JF - Biometrika
SN - 1464-3510
IS - 1
ER -