Rights statement: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Intelligence History on 07/04/2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172
Accepted author manuscript, 510 KB, PDF document
Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Military governments, the ISI and political hybridity in contemporary Pakistan
T2 - from independence to Musharraf
AU - Mukherjee, Kunal
N1 - This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Intelligence History on 07/04/2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172
PY - 2017/7
Y1 - 2017/7
N2 - While most analysts have tended to view Pakistan’s domestic politics and political system asauthoritarian and label it as a military dictatorship, this article highlights the concept of political ‘hybridity’.Emphasising the potential for more democratic elements from within Pakistani society in relation to politics, the article traces interactions that have taken place in the interface between democratic forces and authoritarian/military elements. Using the concept of political hybridity and ‘hybrid government’ brings to light the inherent complexities and potential contradictions of interactions between democratic forces and authoritarian elements in Pakistan, from the Ayub era soon after independence to the more recent times of Musharraf.
AB - While most analysts have tended to view Pakistan’s domestic politics and political system asauthoritarian and label it as a military dictatorship, this article highlights the concept of political ‘hybridity’.Emphasising the potential for more democratic elements from within Pakistani society in relation to politics, the article traces interactions that have taken place in the interface between democratic forces and authoritarian/military elements. Using the concept of political hybridity and ‘hybrid government’ brings to light the inherent complexities and potential contradictions of interactions between democratic forces and authoritarian elements in Pakistan, from the Ayub era soon after independence to the more recent times of Musharraf.
KW - Afghanistan
KW - democracy
KW - governance
KW - hybridity
KW - Kashmir
KW - military
KW - Pakistan
KW - political Islam
KW - SAARC
KW - ISI/Inter-Services-Intelligence
U2 - 10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172
DO - 10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172
M3 - Journal article
VL - 16
SP - 172
EP - 193
JO - Journal of Intelligence History
JF - Journal of Intelligence History
SN - 2169-5601
IS - 2
ER -