Natural resource management (NRM) is being seen increasingly as involving complex ecological and social/political settings and thus requiring changes to the research and development (R&D) adopted in the past. NRM R&D has been characterised by predominately positivistic and reductionistic methodologies. Recent attempts to deal with complexity in NRM settings required input from many scientific disciplines including the social sciences. It also involved the use of contextual approaches the nature of the substantive domain is understood in the framing of questions. In using a substantive approach, the importance of considering NRM R&D as a human activity has been recognised and this offers opportunities for community psychologists. In dealing with complex ecological and social systems, there is also opportunity for a reciprocity between NRM methodologies and the development of applied methodologies in community psychology.