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    Rights statement: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., et al. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690–5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

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    Available under license: CC BY-NC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

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Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models. / Wales, Pamela A.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Nicely, Julie M. et al.
In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, 15.06.2018, p. 5690-5719.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Wales, PA, Salawitch, RJ, Nicely, JM, Anderson, DC, Canty, TP, Baidar, S, Dix, B, Koenig, TK, Volkamer, R, Chen, D, Huey, LG, Tanner, DJ, Cuevas, CA, Fernandez, RP, Kinnison, DE, Lamarque, J, Saiz-lopez, A, Atlas, EL, Hall, SR, Navarro, MA, Pan, LL, Schauffler, SM, Stell, M, Tilmes, S, Ullmann, K, Weinheimer, AJ, Akiyoshi, H, Chipperfield, MP, Deushi, M, Dhomse, SS, Feng, W, Graf, P, Hossaini, R, Jöckel, P, Mancini, E, Michou, M, Morgenstern, O, Oman, LD, Pitari, G, Plummer, DA, Revell, LE, Rozanov, E, Saint-martin, D, Schofield, R, Stenke, A, Stone, KA, Visioni, D, Yamashita, Y & Zeng, G 2018, 'Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, pp. 5690-5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

APA

Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., Dix, B., Koenig, T. K., Volkamer, R., Chen, D., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Cuevas, C. A., Fernandez, R. P., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J., Saiz-lopez, A., Atlas, E. L., Hall, S. R., ... Zeng, G. (2018). Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690-5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

Vancouver

Wales PA, Salawitch RJ, Nicely JM, Anderson DC, Canty TP, Baidar S et al. Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2018 Jun 15;123:5690-5719. Epub 2018 May 28. doi: 10.1029/2017JD027978

Author

Wales, Pamela A. ; Salawitch, Ross J. ; Nicely, Julie M. et al. / Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances : Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models. In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2018 ; Vol. 123. pp. 5690-5719.

Bibtex

@article{5f24b5bad5714f01b8f587c9c237fe6b,
title = "Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models",
abstract = "We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.",
keywords = "bromine, contrast, CCMI, VSLS",
author = "Wales, {Pamela A.} and Salawitch, {Ross J.} and Nicely, {Julie M.} and Anderson, {Daniel C.} and Canty, {Timothy P.} and Sunil Baidar and Barbara Dix and Koenig, {Theodore K.} and Rainer Volkamer and Dexian Chen and Huey, {L. Gregory} and Tanner, {David J.} and Cuevas, {Carlos A.} and Fernandez, {Rafael P.} and Kinnison, {Douglas E.} and Jean-francois Lamarque and Alfonso Saiz-lopez and Atlas, {Elliot L.} and Hall, {Samuel R.} and Navarro, {Maria A.} and Pan, {Laura L.} and Schauffler, {Sue M.} and Meghan Stell and Simone Tilmes and Kirk Ullmann and Weinheimer, {Andrew J.} and Hideharu Akiyoshi and Chipperfield, {Martyn P.} and Makoto Deushi and Dhomse, {Sandip S.} and Wuhu Feng and Phoebe Graf and Ryan Hossaini and Patrick J{\"o}ckel and Eva Mancini and Martine Michou and Olaf Morgenstern and Oman, {Luke D.} and Giovanni Pitari and Plummer, {David A.} and Revell, {Laura E.} and Eugene Rozanov and David Saint-martin and Robyn Schofield and Andrea Stenke and Stone, {Kane A.} and Daniele Visioni and Yousuke Yamashita and Guang Zeng",
note = "An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., et al. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690–5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1029/2017JD027978",
language = "English",
volume = "123",
pages = "5690--5719",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres",
issn = "2169-897X",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances

T2 - Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

AU - Wales, Pamela A.

AU - Salawitch, Ross J.

AU - Nicely, Julie M.

AU - Anderson, Daniel C.

AU - Canty, Timothy P.

AU - Baidar, Sunil

AU - Dix, Barbara

AU - Koenig, Theodore K.

AU - Volkamer, Rainer

AU - Chen, Dexian

AU - Huey, L. Gregory

AU - Tanner, David J.

AU - Cuevas, Carlos A.

AU - Fernandez, Rafael P.

AU - Kinnison, Douglas E.

AU - Lamarque, Jean-francois

AU - Saiz-lopez, Alfonso

AU - Atlas, Elliot L.

AU - Hall, Samuel R.

AU - Navarro, Maria A.

AU - Pan, Laura L.

AU - Schauffler, Sue M.

AU - Stell, Meghan

AU - Tilmes, Simone

AU - Ullmann, Kirk

AU - Weinheimer, Andrew J.

AU - Akiyoshi, Hideharu

AU - Chipperfield, Martyn P.

AU - Deushi, Makoto

AU - Dhomse, Sandip S.

AU - Feng, Wuhu

AU - Graf, Phoebe

AU - Hossaini, Ryan

AU - Jöckel, Patrick

AU - Mancini, Eva

AU - Michou, Martine

AU - Morgenstern, Olaf

AU - Oman, Luke D.

AU - Pitari, Giovanni

AU - Plummer, David A.

AU - Revell, Laura E.

AU - Rozanov, Eugene

AU - Saint-martin, David

AU - Schofield, Robyn

AU - Stenke, Andrea

AU - Stone, Kane A.

AU - Visioni, Daniele

AU - Yamashita, Yousuke

AU - Zeng, Guang

N1 - An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. Wales, P. A., Salawitch, R. J., Nicely, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Canty, T. P., Baidar, S., et al. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 5690–5719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027978

PY - 2018/6/15

Y1 - 2018/6/15

N2 - We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.

AB - We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.

KW - bromine

KW - contrast

KW - CCMI

KW - VSLS

U2 - 10.1029/2017JD027978

DO - 10.1029/2017JD027978

M3 - Journal article

VL - 123

SP - 5690

EP - 5719

JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

SN - 2169-897X

ER -