The environmental impact of healthcare is high, and kidney care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes significantly to this. Haemodialysis represents the only viable kidney replacement option for certain patients with CKD, in whom the clinical benefits are lifesaving. Haemodialysis is also resource-intensive, requiring frequent sessions, and energy- and water-intensive equipment. In recognition of this, the ERA has implemented a green nephrology initiative aiming to minimize the environmental impact of kidney care. However, there is a paucity of up-to-date analysis on the environmental impact of different dialysis techniques and CKD overall. This study presents an international, holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) of the environmental impact of CKD in adults at all CKD stages.