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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A Novel Wireless Leaf Area Index Sensor Based on a Combined U-Net Deep Learning Model
AU - Wang, Hancong
AU - Wu, Yin
AU - Ni, Qiang
AU - Liu, Wenbo
N1 - ©2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
PY - 2022/8/15
Y1 - 2022/8/15
N2 - Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter for forestry vegetation canopy structure investigation and ecological environment model study. Traditional ground direct measuring method is too time and labor consuming, while the remote sensing technique lacks of adequate validation and comparative analysis. Here, a novel wireless LAI sensor based on a lightweight deep learning model (LAINET) has been designed with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer and a LoRa transceiver. The mainly metering pattern of sensor system is the digital hemispherical photo-graphy (DHP) methodology based on Beer-Lambert law: firstly, the crown canopys image is captured and segmented by LAINET, then the vegetation gap fraction can be extracted to calculate the LAI value. Our proposed LAINET consists of a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) and a generative adversarial network (GAN). The average accuracy of semantic segmentation (i.e. CNN part) could reach 0.978, and the combination of GAN for image super-resolution reconstruction can improve the accuracy of gap fraction measurement more by 5.5%. In addition, LAINET effectively solves the problem of low segmentation accuracy brought by environmental effects, the separation accuracy in direct sunlight or clear weather has been improved significantly. So the ultimate LAI value can be calculated precisely and stably. Experiment results show that the proposed sensor obtains a fine measuring error of less than 4% when comparing with the commercial plant canopy analyzer HM-G20. Combined with Uninterruptible Power Supply module of 5200 mAh, the sensor can work effectively for about 8 months, principally meeting the deployment and measurement criteria of forestry LAI. Therefore, the wireless sensor presented in this paper has a great application prospect.
AB - Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter for forestry vegetation canopy structure investigation and ecological environment model study. Traditional ground direct measuring method is too time and labor consuming, while the remote sensing technique lacks of adequate validation and comparative analysis. Here, a novel wireless LAI sensor based on a lightweight deep learning model (LAINET) has been designed with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer and a LoRa transceiver. The mainly metering pattern of sensor system is the digital hemispherical photo-graphy (DHP) methodology based on Beer-Lambert law: firstly, the crown canopys image is captured and segmented by LAINET, then the vegetation gap fraction can be extracted to calculate the LAI value. Our proposed LAINET consists of a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) and a generative adversarial network (GAN). The average accuracy of semantic segmentation (i.e. CNN part) could reach 0.978, and the combination of GAN for image super-resolution reconstruction can improve the accuracy of gap fraction measurement more by 5.5%. In addition, LAINET effectively solves the problem of low segmentation accuracy brought by environmental effects, the separation accuracy in direct sunlight or clear weather has been improved significantly. So the ultimate LAI value can be calculated precisely and stably. Experiment results show that the proposed sensor obtains a fine measuring error of less than 4% when comparing with the commercial plant canopy analyzer HM-G20. Combined with Uninterruptible Power Supply module of 5200 mAh, the sensor can work effectively for about 8 months, principally meeting the deployment and measurement criteria of forestry LAI. Therefore, the wireless sensor presented in this paper has a great application prospect.
KW - Leaf area index
KW - canopy fisheye image
KW - deep learning
KW - wireless sensor
KW - Raspberry Pi
U2 - 10.1109/jsen.2022.3188697
DO - 10.1109/jsen.2022.3188697
M3 - Journal article
VL - 22
SP - 16573
EP - 16585
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
SN - 1530-437X
IS - 16
ER -