TY - JOUR

T1 - A systematic review of bio-cyber interface technologies and security issues for internet of bio-nano things

AU - Zafar, Sidra

AU - Nazir, Mohsin

AU - Bakhshi, Taimur

AU - Ali Khattak, Hasan

AU - Khan, Sarmadullah

AU - Bilal, Muhammad

AU - Choo, Kim Kwang Raymond

AU - Kwak, Kyung Sup

AU - Sabah, Aneeqa

PY - 2021/6/29

Y1 - 2021/6/29

N2 - Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have contributed to the design of tools that can be used to control, reuse, modify, and re-engineer cells' structure, as well as enabling engineers to effectively use biological cells as programmable substrates to realize Bio-NanoThings (biological embedded computing devices). Bio-NanoThings are generally tiny, non-intrusive, and concealable devices that can be used for in-vivo applications such as intra-body sensing and actuation networks, where the use of arti_cial devices can be detrimental. Such (nano-scale) devices can be used in various healthcare settings such as continuous health monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and nano-surgeries. These services can also be grouped to form a collaborative network (i.e., nanonetwork), whose performance can potentially be improved when connected to higher bandwidth external networks such as the Internet, say via 5G. However, to realize the IoBNT paradigm, it is also important to seamlessly connect the biological environment with the technological landscape by having a dynamic interface design to convert biochemical signals from the human body into an equivalent electromagnetic signal (and vice versa). This, unfortunately, risks the exposure of internal biological mechanisms to cyber-based sensing and medical actuation, with potential security and privacy implications. This paper comprehensively reviews bio-cyber interface for IoBNT architecture, focusing on bio-cyber interfacing options for IoBNT like biologically inspired bio-electronic devices, RFID enabled implantable chips, and electronic tattoos. This study also identi_es known and potential security and privacy vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies for consideration in future IoBNT designs and implementations.

AB - Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have contributed to the design of tools that can be used to control, reuse, modify, and re-engineer cells' structure, as well as enabling engineers to effectively use biological cells as programmable substrates to realize Bio-NanoThings (biological embedded computing devices). Bio-NanoThings are generally tiny, non-intrusive, and concealable devices that can be used for in-vivo applications such as intra-body sensing and actuation networks, where the use of arti_cial devices can be detrimental. Such (nano-scale) devices can be used in various healthcare settings such as continuous health monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and nano-surgeries. These services can also be grouped to form a collaborative network (i.e., nanonetwork), whose performance can potentially be improved when connected to higher bandwidth external networks such as the Internet, say via 5G. However, to realize the IoBNT paradigm, it is also important to seamlessly connect the biological environment with the technological landscape by having a dynamic interface design to convert biochemical signals from the human body into an equivalent electromagnetic signal (and vice versa). This, unfortunately, risks the exposure of internal biological mechanisms to cyber-based sensing and medical actuation, with potential security and privacy implications. This paper comprehensively reviews bio-cyber interface for IoBNT architecture, focusing on bio-cyber interfacing options for IoBNT like biologically inspired bio-electronic devices, RFID enabled implantable chips, and electronic tattoos. This study also identi_es known and potential security and privacy vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies for consideration in future IoBNT designs and implementations.

KW - Bio-cyber interface

KW - Bio-electronic device security

KW - Bio-inspired security approaches

KW - Internet of bio-nano things

U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3093442

DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3093442

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85112016604

VL - 9

SP - 93529

EP - 93566

JO - IEEE Access

JF - IEEE Access

SN - 2169-3536

M1 - 9467302

ER -