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### Electronic data

• 4RCC_NIMA

Rights statement: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 847, 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

Accepted author manuscript, 1.16 MB, PDF document

## An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

Published

### Standard

In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 847, 01.03.2017, p. 52-60.

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

### Harvard

Apsimon, RJ & Burt, GC 2017, 'An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 847, pp. 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

### APA

Apsimon, R. J., & Burt, G. C. (2017). An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 847, 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

### Vancouver

Apsimon RJ, Burt GC. An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2017 Mar 1;847:52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

### Author

Apsimon, Robert James ; Burt, Graeme Campbell. / An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity. In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2017 ; Vol. 847. pp. 52-60.

### Bibtex

@article{23740eff9ece42d9bd528b36ddeb3474,
title = "An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity",
abstract = "In this paper we present an improved equivalent circuit model for a four rod deflecting cavity which calculates the frequencies of the first four modes of the cavity as well as the $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ for the deflecting mode. Equivalent circuit models of RF cavities give intuition and understanding about how the cavity operates and what changes can be made to modify the frequency, without the need for RF simulations, which can be time-consuming. We parameterise a generic four rod deflecting cavity into a geometry consisting of simple shapes. Equations are derived for the line impedance of the rods and the capacitance between the rods and these are used to calculate the resonant frequency of the deflecting dipole mode as well as the lower order mode and the model is bench-marked against two test cases; the CEBAF separator and the HL-LHC 4-rod LHC crab cavity. CST and the equivalent circuit model agree within $4\%$ for both cavities with the LOM frequency and within 1$\%$ for the deflecting frequency. $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ differs between the model and CST by $37\%$ for the CEBAF separator and $25\%$ for the HL-LHC 4-rod crab cavity; however this is sufficient for understanding how to optimise the cavity design. The model has then been utilised to suggest a method of separating the modal frequencies in the HL-LHC crab cavity and to suggest design methodologies to optimise the cavity geometries.",
keywords = "Crab cavity, Equivalent circuit, LHC, 4RCC",
author = "Apsimon, {Robert James} and Burt, {Graeme Campbell}",
note = "This is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 847 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030",
year = "2017",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030",
language = "English",
volume = "847",
pages = "52--60",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",
issn = "0168-9002",
publisher = "ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV",

}

### RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - An improved equivalent circuit model of a four rod deflecting cavity

AU - Apsimon, Robert James

AU - Burt, Graeme Campbell

N1 - This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 847 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

PY - 2017/3/1

Y1 - 2017/3/1

N2 - In this paper we present an improved equivalent circuit model for a four rod deflecting cavity which calculates the frequencies of the first four modes of the cavity as well as the $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ for the deflecting mode. Equivalent circuit models of RF cavities give intuition and understanding about how the cavity operates and what changes can be made to modify the frequency, without the need for RF simulations, which can be time-consuming. We parameterise a generic four rod deflecting cavity into a geometry consisting of simple shapes. Equations are derived for the line impedance of the rods and the capacitance between the rods and these are used to calculate the resonant frequency of the deflecting dipole mode as well as the lower order mode and the model is bench-marked against two test cases; the CEBAF separator and the HL-LHC 4-rod LHC crab cavity. CST and the equivalent circuit model agree within $4\%$ for both cavities with the LOM frequency and within 1$\%$ for the deflecting frequency. $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ differs between the model and CST by $37\%$ for the CEBAF separator and $25\%$ for the HL-LHC 4-rod crab cavity; however this is sufficient for understanding how to optimise the cavity design. The model has then been utilised to suggest a method of separating the modal frequencies in the HL-LHC crab cavity and to suggest design methodologies to optimise the cavity geometries.

AB - In this paper we present an improved equivalent circuit model for a four rod deflecting cavity which calculates the frequencies of the first four modes of the cavity as well as the $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ for the deflecting mode. Equivalent circuit models of RF cavities give intuition and understanding about how the cavity operates and what changes can be made to modify the frequency, without the need for RF simulations, which can be time-consuming. We parameterise a generic four rod deflecting cavity into a geometry consisting of simple shapes. Equations are derived for the line impedance of the rods and the capacitance between the rods and these are used to calculate the resonant frequency of the deflecting dipole mode as well as the lower order mode and the model is bench-marked against two test cases; the CEBAF separator and the HL-LHC 4-rod LHC crab cavity. CST and the equivalent circuit model agree within $4\%$ for both cavities with the LOM frequency and within 1$\%$ for the deflecting frequency. $\frac{R_{T}}{Q}$ differs between the model and CST by $37\%$ for the CEBAF separator and $25\%$ for the HL-LHC 4-rod crab cavity; however this is sufficient for understanding how to optimise the cavity design. The model has then been utilised to suggest a method of separating the modal frequencies in the HL-LHC crab cavity and to suggest design methodologies to optimise the cavity geometries.

KW - Crab cavity

KW - Equivalent circuit

KW - LHC

KW - 4RCC

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2016.11.030

M3 - Journal article

VL - 847

SP - 52

EP - 60

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

SN - 0168-9002

ER -