TY - JOUR

T1 - Bacteria in post-glacial freshwater sediments

AU - Miskin, Lan

AU - Rhodes, Glenn

AU - Lawlor, Kirsten

AU - Saunders, Jon R.

AU - Pickup, Roger W.

PY - 1998/9/1

Y1 - 1998/9/1

N2 - Prokaryote communities in post glacial profundal freshwater sediments of Windermere, representing 10-12,000 years of deposition, were examined for culturability, viability and community structure. The potential for active geochemical cycles was inferred from the presence of specific groups of bacteria. Direct count procedures revealed 1012 cells (g dry wt sediment)-1 in the surface sediments, which declined to approximately 109 cells (g dry wt sediment)-1 at 6 m depth of core (representing approximately 10,000 years of deposition). The majority of the cells in the upper sediments were metabolically active when challenged with viability probes and responded to the direct viable count method. Below 250 cm, viability shown by 5-cyano-2,3-diotyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) dye was not significantly different from the direct count; however, counts obtained with 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and the direct viable count both declined significantly from the direct count below 250 cm and 1 m, respectively. Culture was achieved from samples throughout the core, although the numbers of culturable bacteria decreased significantly with depth, from 107 c.f.u. (g dry wt sediment)-1 to 101-102 c.f.u. (g dry wt sediment)-1 below 3 m depth. Among culturable isolates, Gram-positives and Gram-negatives were found at all levels of the core, and spore-forming heterotrophs dominated. Although sulphate-reducing bacteria were not detected below 20 cm, isolates demonstrating denitrifying activity were detected at all depths. PCR performed on samples taken below 3 m (deposited more than 7000 years ago) using eubacterial and archaeal primers revealed sequences similar to those found in deep sediments of the Pacific Ocean and the presence of methanogenic archaea. These observations indicate that bacteria and archaea are capable of long-term persistence and activity in deep, aged freshwater sediments.

AB - Prokaryote communities in post glacial profundal freshwater sediments of Windermere, representing 10-12,000 years of deposition, were examined for culturability, viability and community structure. The potential for active geochemical cycles was inferred from the presence of specific groups of bacteria. Direct count procedures revealed 1012 cells (g dry wt sediment)-1 in the surface sediments, which declined to approximately 109 cells (g dry wt sediment)-1 at 6 m depth of core (representing approximately 10,000 years of deposition). The majority of the cells in the upper sediments were metabolically active when challenged with viability probes and responded to the direct viable count method. Below 250 cm, viability shown by 5-cyano-2,3-diotyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) dye was not significantly different from the direct count; however, counts obtained with 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and the direct viable count both declined significantly from the direct count below 250 cm and 1 m, respectively. Culture was achieved from samples throughout the core, although the numbers of culturable bacteria decreased significantly with depth, from 107 c.f.u. (g dry wt sediment)-1 to 101-102 c.f.u. (g dry wt sediment)-1 below 3 m depth. Among culturable isolates, Gram-positives and Gram-negatives were found at all levels of the core, and spore-forming heterotrophs dominated. Although sulphate-reducing bacteria were not detected below 20 cm, isolates demonstrating denitrifying activity were detected at all depths. PCR performed on samples taken below 3 m (deposited more than 7000 years ago) using eubacterial and archaeal primers revealed sequences similar to those found in deep sediments of the Pacific Ocean and the presence of methanogenic archaea. These observations indicate that bacteria and archaea are capable of long-term persistence and activity in deep, aged freshwater sediments.

KW - Freshwater sediments

KW - Subsurface bacteria

KW - Survival

KW - Viability

U2 - 10.1099/00221287-144-9-2427

DO - 10.1099/00221287-144-9-2427

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 9782490

AN - SCOPUS:3543097968

VL - 144

SP - 2427

EP - 2439

JO - Microbiology

JF - Microbiology

SN - 1350-0872

IS - 9

ER -