TY - JOUR

T1 - Cancer experience in metaphors: patients, carers, professionals, students

T2 - A scoping review

AU - Liu, Yufeng

AU - Semino, Elena

AU - Rietjens, Judith

AU - Payne, Sheila

PY - 2024/12/19

Y1 - 2024/12/19

N2 - Background The use of metaphors to talk about cancer experiences has attracted much research and debate, especially in the case of military metaphors. However, questions remain about what metaphors are used by different populations for different aspects of the cancer experience. This scoping review aims to answer them.Method We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligible sources include peer-reviewed scientific research published in English between 2013 and 2023, investigating patterns of metaphor use from adult populations (age ≥ 18) for cancer-related topics, such as cancer itself, the general experience of being ill, treatment, and people and relationships.Results Out of 1929 articles identified, 30 met the criteria, spanning over different populations. While most papers focused on cancer in general, some focused on specific cancer types, such as breast cancer. Both spontaneous and elicited data were collected in ten languages: mostly English (N=12), Swedish (N=3) and Arabic (N=3). The identified metaphors were subsumed under various broad categories, including particularly Violence and Journey. Other categories include Education and Non-Human Animate Entity for the cancer itself, Confinement and Deprivation and Cleanliness for the general experience of being ill with cancer, Poison and Gardening for cancer treatment, and Distance for patients’ social relationships.Conclusion Metaphors help to identify how patients describe experiences of vulnerability and empowerment. To provide patient-centred care, clinicians and researchers should avoid blanket conclusions about helpful or unhelpful metaphors, but consider the ways in which different metaphors are used by different populations in different contexts.

AB - Background The use of metaphors to talk about cancer experiences has attracted much research and debate, especially in the case of military metaphors. However, questions remain about what metaphors are used by different populations for different aspects of the cancer experience. This scoping review aims to answer them.Method We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligible sources include peer-reviewed scientific research published in English between 2013 and 2023, investigating patterns of metaphor use from adult populations (age ≥ 18) for cancer-related topics, such as cancer itself, the general experience of being ill, treatment, and people and relationships.Results Out of 1929 articles identified, 30 met the criteria, spanning over different populations. While most papers focused on cancer in general, some focused on specific cancer types, such as breast cancer. Both spontaneous and elicited data were collected in ten languages: mostly English (N=12), Swedish (N=3) and Arabic (N=3). The identified metaphors were subsumed under various broad categories, including particularly Violence and Journey. Other categories include Education and Non-Human Animate Entity for the cancer itself, Confinement and Deprivation and Cleanliness for the general experience of being ill with cancer, Poison and Gardening for cancer treatment, and Distance for patients’ social relationships.Conclusion Metaphors help to identify how patients describe experiences of vulnerability and empowerment. To provide patient-centred care, clinicians and researchers should avoid blanket conclusions about helpful or unhelpful metaphors, but consider the ways in which different metaphors are used by different populations in different contexts.

KW - metaphor

KW - cancer

KW - lived experience

KW - health professional

KW - carers

KW - scoping review

U2 - 10.1136/spcare-2024-004927

DO - 10.1136/spcare-2024-004927

M3 - Review article

C2 - 38744448

VL - 14

SP - e2366-e2376

JO - BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care

JF - BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care

SN - 2045-435X

IS - e3

ER -