TY - JOUR

T1 - Catalyst characteristics and performance of silica-supported zinc for hydrodeoxygenation of phenol

AU - Pourzolfaghar, H.

AU - Abnisa, F.

AU - Wan Daud, W.M.A.

AU - Aroua, M.K.

AU - Mahlia, T.M.I.

PY - 2020/6/1

Y1 - 2020/6/1

N2 - The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO2. The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N2physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H2temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH3temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO2as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO2surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h-1); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping.

AB - The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO2. The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N2physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H2temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH3temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO2as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO2surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h-1); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping.

KW - Bio-oil

KW - Heterogeneous catalyst

KW - Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)

KW - Phenol

KW - Zinc

KW - Ammonia

KW - Catalyst activity

KW - Desorption

KW - Durability

KW - Field emission microscopes

KW - Gas chromatography

KW - Inductively coupled plasma

KW - Ionization of gases

KW - Oil well testing

KW - Optical emission spectroscopy

KW - Scanning electron microscopy

KW - Silica

KW - Silicon

KW - Thermogravimetric analysis

KW - Desorption temperatures

KW - Field emission scanning electron microscopy

KW - Gas chromatography-flame ionization detections

KW - Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

KW - Physicochemical characteristics

KW - Physio-chemical properties

KW - Thermogravimetry analysis

KW - Weight hourly space velocity

KW - Catalyst supports

U2 - 10.3390/en13112802

DO - 10.3390/en13112802

M3 - Journal article

VL - 13

JO - Energies

JF - Energies

SN - 1996-1073

IS - 11

M1 - 2802

ER -