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Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges

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Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges. / Wild, Simon R.; Harrad, Stuart J.; Jones, Kevin C.
In: Water Research, Vol. 27, No. 10, 01.01.1993, p. 1527-1534.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Wild, SR, Harrad, SJ & Jones, KC 1993, 'Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1527-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2

APA

Wild, S. R., Harrad, S. J., & Jones, K. C. (1993). Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges. Water Research, 27(10), 1527-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2

Vancouver

Wild SR, Harrad SJ, Jones KC. Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges. Water Research. 1993 Jan 1;27(10):1527-1534. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2

Author

Wild, Simon R. ; Harrad, Stuart J. ; Jones, Kevin C. / Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges. In: Water Research. 1993 ; Vol. 27, No. 10. pp. 1527-1534.

Bibtex

@article{4872a619e69443969159f908fdaba5d6,
title = "Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges",
abstract = "This paper describes a method developed for the analysis of chlorophenols in liquid sewage sludges. After a comparison of different extraction procedures, wet sludge extraction with a solvent mixture of hexane and isopropyl alcohol was selected. Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in north-west England were analysed by capillary GC-ECD, using a derivatization procedure. The total chlorophenol content ranged between 9.8 and 60.5 mg/kg (38.7-99.2 μg/l), with a mean of 34.6 mg/kg (70.4 μg/l). The most abundant chlorophenol was 2,4-dichlorophenol, which had a mean concentration of 26 ± 15.7 mg/kg (51.6 ± 19.6 μg/l); pentachlorophenol concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 2.04 mg/kg (0.21-3.76 μg/l). Chlorophenols with known sources and/or those which are known degradation products were found in the greatest abundance. The data are discussed in relation to literature reported figures and the inputs of chlorophenols to sludge amended agricultural soils is assessed.",
keywords = "chlorophenols, extraction efficiency, sewage sludge, sources, U.K. sludge survey",
author = "Wild, {Simon R.} and Harrad, {Stuart J.} and Jones, {Kevin C.}",
year = "1993",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
pages = "1527--1534",
journal = "Water Research",
issn = "0043-1354",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
number = "10",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges

AU - Wild, Simon R.

AU - Harrad, Stuart J.

AU - Jones, Kevin C.

PY - 1993/1/1

Y1 - 1993/1/1

N2 - This paper describes a method developed for the analysis of chlorophenols in liquid sewage sludges. After a comparison of different extraction procedures, wet sludge extraction with a solvent mixture of hexane and isopropyl alcohol was selected. Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in north-west England were analysed by capillary GC-ECD, using a derivatization procedure. The total chlorophenol content ranged between 9.8 and 60.5 mg/kg (38.7-99.2 μg/l), with a mean of 34.6 mg/kg (70.4 μg/l). The most abundant chlorophenol was 2,4-dichlorophenol, which had a mean concentration of 26 ± 15.7 mg/kg (51.6 ± 19.6 μg/l); pentachlorophenol concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 2.04 mg/kg (0.21-3.76 μg/l). Chlorophenols with known sources and/or those which are known degradation products were found in the greatest abundance. The data are discussed in relation to literature reported figures and the inputs of chlorophenols to sludge amended agricultural soils is assessed.

AB - This paper describes a method developed for the analysis of chlorophenols in liquid sewage sludges. After a comparison of different extraction procedures, wet sludge extraction with a solvent mixture of hexane and isopropyl alcohol was selected. Twelve sewage sludges from rural, urban and industrial sewage treatment works in north-west England were analysed by capillary GC-ECD, using a derivatization procedure. The total chlorophenol content ranged between 9.8 and 60.5 mg/kg (38.7-99.2 μg/l), with a mean of 34.6 mg/kg (70.4 μg/l). The most abundant chlorophenol was 2,4-dichlorophenol, which had a mean concentration of 26 ± 15.7 mg/kg (51.6 ± 19.6 μg/l); pentachlorophenol concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 2.04 mg/kg (0.21-3.76 μg/l). Chlorophenols with known sources and/or those which are known degradation products were found in the greatest abundance. The data are discussed in relation to literature reported figures and the inputs of chlorophenols to sludge amended agricultural soils is assessed.

KW - chlorophenols

KW - extraction efficiency

KW - sewage sludge

KW - sources

KW - U.K. sludge survey

U2 - 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2

DO - 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:0027676083

VL - 27

SP - 1527

EP - 1534

JO - Water Research

JF - Water Research

SN - 0043-1354

IS - 10

ER -