Home > Research > Publications & Outputs > Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet

Links

Text available via DOI:

View graph of relations

Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet

Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSNConference contribution/Paperpeer-review

Published

Standard

Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. / Arnold, Todd; He, Jia; Jiang, Weifan et al.
IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020. p. 230-246 (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC).

Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSNConference contribution/Paperpeer-review

Harvard

Arnold, T, He, J, Jiang, W, Calder, M, Cunha, I, Giotsas, V & Katz-Bassett, E 2020, Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. in IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 230-246, 20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020, Virtual, Online, United States, 27/10/20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423613

APA

Arnold, T., He, J., Jiang, W., Calder, M., Cunha, I., Giotsas, V., & Katz-Bassett, E. (2020). Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. In IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference (pp. 230-246). (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423613

Vancouver

Arnold T, He J, Jiang W, Calder M, Cunha I, Giotsas V et al. Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. In IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 2020. p. 230-246. (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC). doi: 10.1145/3419394.3423613

Author

Arnold, Todd ; He, Jia ; Jiang, Weifan et al. / Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020. pp. 230-246 (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC).

Bibtex

@inproceedings{d42a28fcf17f47c9bcb88bdd59701347,
title = "Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet",
abstract = "The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.",
keywords = "AS relationships, BGP, Internet topology, Routing, Traceroute",
author = "Todd Arnold and Jia He and Weifan Jiang and Matt Calder and Italo Cunha and Vasileios Giotsas and Ethan Katz-Bassett",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1145/3419394.3423613",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)",
pages = "230--246",
booktitle = "IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference",
address = "United States",
note = "20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020 ; Conference date: 27-10-2020 Through 29-10-2020",

}

RIS

TY - GEN

T1 - Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet

AU - Arnold, Todd

AU - He, Jia

AU - Jiang, Weifan

AU - Calder, Matt

AU - Cunha, Italo

AU - Giotsas, Vasileios

AU - Katz-Bassett, Ethan

PY - 2020/10/27

Y1 - 2020/10/27

N2 - The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.

AB - The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.

KW - AS relationships

KW - BGP

KW - Internet topology

KW - Routing

KW - Traceroute

U2 - 10.1145/3419394.3423613

DO - 10.1145/3419394.3423613

M3 - Conference contribution/Paper

AN - SCOPUS:85097102340

T3 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC

SP - 230

EP - 246

BT - IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference

PB - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

T2 - 20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020

Y2 - 27 October 2020 through 29 October 2020

ER -