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Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. / Arnold, Todd; He, Jia; Jiang, Weifan et al.
IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020. p. 230-246 (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC).
Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review
Harvard
Arnold, T, He, J, Jiang, W, Calder, M, Cunha, I
, Giotsas, V & Katz-Bassett, E 2020,
Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. in
IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 230-246, 20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020, Virtual, Online, United States,
27/10/20.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423613APA
Arnold, T., He, J., Jiang, W., Calder, M., Cunha, I.
, Giotsas, V., & Katz-Bassett, E. (2020).
Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. In
IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference (pp. 230-246). (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
https://doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423613Vancouver
Arnold T, He J, Jiang W, Calder M, Cunha I
, Giotsas V et al.
Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. In IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 2020. p. 230-246. (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC). doi: 10.1145/3419394.3423613
Author
Arnold, Todd ; He, Jia ; Jiang, Weifan et al. /
Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet. IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020. pp. 230-246 (Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC).
Bibtex
@inproceedings{d42a28fcf17f47c9bcb88bdd59701347,
title = "Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet",
abstract = "The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.",
keywords = "AS relationships, BGP, Internet topology, Routing, Traceroute",
author = "Todd Arnold and Jia He and Weifan Jiang and Matt Calder and Italo Cunha and Vasileios Giotsas and Ethan Katz-Bassett",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1145/3419394.3423613",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)",
pages = "230--246",
booktitle = "IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference",
address = "United States",
note = "20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020 ; Conference date: 27-10-2020 Through 29-10-2020",
}
RIS
TY - GEN
T1 - Cloud Provider Connectivity in the Flat Internet
AU - Arnold, Todd
AU - He, Jia
AU - Jiang, Weifan
AU - Calder, Matt
AU - Cunha, Italo
AU - Giotsas, Vasileios
AU - Katz-Bassett, Ethan
PY - 2020/10/27
Y1 - 2020/10/27
N2 - The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.
AB - The Tier-1 ISPs have been considered the Internet's backbone since the dawn of the modern Internet 30 years ago, as they guarantee global reachability. However, their influence and importance are waning as Internet flattening decreases the demand for transit services and increases the importance of private interconnections. Conversely, major cloud providers - Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft - are gaining in importance as more services are hosted on their infrastructures. They ardently support Internet flattening and are rapidly expanding their global footprints, which enables them to bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers to reach many destinations. In this paper we seek to quantify the extent to which the cloud providers' can bypass the Tier-1 ISPs and other large transit providers. We conduct comprehensive measurements to identify the neighbor networks of the major cloud providers and combine them with AS relationship inferences to model the Internet's AS-level topology to calculate a new metric, hierarchy-free reachability, which characterizes the reachability a network can achieve without traversing the networks of the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs. We show that the cloud providers are able to reach over 76% of the Internet without traversing the Tier-1 and Tier-2 ISPs, more than virtually every other network.
KW - AS relationships
KW - BGP
KW - Internet topology
KW - Routing
KW - Traceroute
U2 - 10.1145/3419394.3423613
DO - 10.1145/3419394.3423613
M3 - Conference contribution/Paper
AN - SCOPUS:85097102340
T3 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC
SP - 230
EP - 246
BT - IMC 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Internet Measurement Conference
PB - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
T2 - 20th ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2020
Y2 - 27 October 2020 through 29 October 2020
ER -
