This report outlines the findings of a pilot study commissioned to support the University of Edinburgh's Gender Equality Scheme, in accordance with recent developments in Equality and Human Rights legislation. The study used focus groups to explore possible causes underlying two two key problem areas already identified by the University in relation to gender equality. These are: lower attainment levels and higher drop-out rates among male undergraduates, and poor retention of women in academic careers in science. The report outlines the key findings of this study, alongside recommendations for future action.