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Controlled Sr( ii ) ion release from in situ crosslinking electroactive hydrogels with potential for the treatment of infections

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  • Melike Fırlak Demirkan
  • Dilek Öztürk
  • Zeynep Sude Çifçibaşı
  • Fatma Ertan
  • John George Hardy
  • Aslı Nurşeval Oyunlu
  • Hakan Darıcı
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>31/01/2024
<mark>Journal</mark>RSC Advances
Issue number7
Volume14
Number of pages11
Pages (from-to)4324-4334
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date31/01/24
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

The development of electrochemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems is of both academic and industrial interest due to the ease with which it is possible to trigger payload release, providing drug delivery in a controllable manner. Herein, the preparation of in situ forming hydrogels including electroactive polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) where Sr2+ ions are electrochemically loaded for electrically triggered release of Sr2+ ions is reported. The hydrogels were characterized by a variety of techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), etc. The cytocompatibility towards human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts were also studied. The Sr2+ ion loaded PEC-ALD/CS/PPy-NPs hydrogel showed no significant cytotoxicity towards human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts. Sr2+ ions were electrochemically loaded and released from the electroactive hydrogels, and the application of an electrical stimulus enhanced the release of Sr2+ ions from gels by ca. 2–4 fold relative to the passive release control experiment. The antibacterial activity of Sr2+ ions against E. coli and S. aureus was demonstrated in vitro. Although these prototypical examples of Sr2+ loaded electroactive gels don't release sufficient Sr2+ ions to show antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, we believe future iterations with optimised physical properties of the gels will be capable of doing so.