Final published version
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Correction of the X-ray wavefront from compound refractive lenses using 3D printed refractive structures
AU - Dhamgaye, V.
AU - Laundy, D.
AU - Baldock, S.
AU - Moxham, T.
AU - Sawhney, K.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - A refractive phase corrector optics is proposed for the compensation of fabrication error of X-ray optical elements. Here, at-wavelength wavefront measurements of the focused X-ray beam by knife-edge imaging technique, the design of a three-dimensional corrector plate, its fabrication by 3D printing, and use of a corrector to compensate for X-ray lens figure errors are presented. A rotationally invariant corrector was manufactured in the polymer IP-STM using additive manufacturing based on the two-photon polymerization technique. The fabricated corrector was characterized at the B16 Test beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK, showing a reduction in r.m.s. wavefront error of a Be compound refractive Lens (CRL) by a factor of six. The r.m.s. wavefront error is a figure of merit for the wavefront quality but, for X-ray lenses, with significant X-ray absorption, a form of the r.m.s. error with weighting proportional to the transmitted X-ray intensity has been proposed. The knife-edge imaging wavefront-sensing technique was adapted to measure rotationally variant wavefront errors from two different sets of Be CRL consisting of 98 and 24 lenses. The optical aberrations were then quantified using a Zernike polynomial expansion of the 2D wavefront error. The compensation by a rotationally invariant corrector plate was partial as the Be CRL wavefront error distribution was found to vary with polar angle indicating the presence of non-spherical aberration terms. A wavefront correction plate with rotationally anisotropic thickness is proposed to compensate for anisotropy in order to achieve good focusing by CRLs at beamlines operating at diffraction-limited storage rings.
AB - A refractive phase corrector optics is proposed for the compensation of fabrication error of X-ray optical elements. Here, at-wavelength wavefront measurements of the focused X-ray beam by knife-edge imaging technique, the design of a three-dimensional corrector plate, its fabrication by 3D printing, and use of a corrector to compensate for X-ray lens figure errors are presented. A rotationally invariant corrector was manufactured in the polymer IP-STM using additive manufacturing based on the two-photon polymerization technique. The fabricated corrector was characterized at the B16 Test beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK, showing a reduction in r.m.s. wavefront error of a Be compound refractive Lens (CRL) by a factor of six. The r.m.s. wavefront error is a figure of merit for the wavefront quality but, for X-ray lenses, with significant X-ray absorption, a form of the r.m.s. error with weighting proportional to the transmitted X-ray intensity has been proposed. The knife-edge imaging wavefront-sensing technique was adapted to measure rotationally variant wavefront errors from two different sets of Be CRL consisting of 98 and 24 lenses. The optical aberrations were then quantified using a Zernike polynomial expansion of the 2D wavefront error. The compensation by a rotationally invariant corrector plate was partial as the Be CRL wavefront error distribution was found to vary with polar angle indicating the presence of non-spherical aberration terms. A wavefront correction plate with rotationally anisotropic thickness is proposed to compensate for anisotropy in order to achieve good focusing by CRLs at beamlines operating at diffraction-limited storage rings.
KW - 3D printing
KW - knife-edge imaging
KW - wavefront correction
KW - X-ray lenses
KW - X-ray optics
KW - 3D printers
KW - Anisotropy
KW - Beryllium minerals
KW - Binary alloys
KW - Error compensation
KW - Imaging techniques
KW - Light sources
KW - Optical instrument lenses
KW - Plates (structural components)
KW - Potassium alloys
KW - Uranium alloys
KW - Wavefronts
KW - X ray absorption
KW - X ray apparatus
KW - Compound refractive lens
KW - Diamond light source
KW - Diffraction limited storage rings
KW - Two photon polymerization
KW - Wavefront correction
KW - Wavefront measurement
KW - X-ray optical elements
KW - Zernike polynomial expansion
KW - Aberrations
U2 - 10.1107/S1600577520011765
DO - 10.1107/S1600577520011765
M3 - Journal article
VL - 27
SP - 1518
EP - 1527
JO - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
JF - Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
SN - 0909-0495
IS - 6
ER -