This study investigated what factors influence the decision to seek either complementary or conventional medical treatment for pain. It was hypothesized that patients who seek complementary therapy for pain relief would perceive it as less harmful (in terms of side effects), more effective and would score higher on internal locus of control than conventionally treated patients. 30 patients attending a complementary treatment centre presenting with pain and 30 patients attending NHS pain clinics were recruited. Results indicate that people receiving complementary medicine had higher internal health locus of control (HLOC) and less favourable attitudes to medical doctors than those patients treated at the NHS clinic. The results are discussed in relation to the concept of perceived control.