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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Determining the bioavailability of benzo(a)pyrene through standardized desorption extraction in a certified reference contaminated soil
AU - Posada-Baquero, R.
AU - Semple, K.T.
AU - Ternero, M.
AU - Ortega-Calvo, J.-J.
PY - 2022/1/10
Y1 - 2022/1/10
N2 - There is a strong need for certified reference materials in the quality assurance of nonionic soil contaminant bioavailability estimations through physicochemical methods. We applied desorption extraction, a method recently standardized as ISO16751, to determine the bioavailable concentration of the most commonly regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), in the reference industrial soil BCR-524 with a certified BaP total concentration of 8.60 mg kg−1. This concentration represented BaP levels found in many PAH-polluted soils. The method, based on single-point extraction of the analyte desorbed into the aqueous phase by a receiving phase (Tenax or cyclodextrin), was applied ten times. The data fulfilled highly demanding quality criteria based on recovery and repeatability. The bioavailable BaP concentration detected through Tenax extraction, 1.82 mg kg−1, was comparable to bioavailable concentrations determined in field-contaminated soils and to environmental quality standards based on previously observed total BaP concentrations. There was good agreement (Student's t-test, P ≤ 0.05) with the bioavailable BaP concentration determined by cyclodextrin extraction (1.53 mg kg−1). The methods were extended to four other certified 4- and 5-ringed PAHs for comparative purposes. We suggest ways of improving of the ISO16751 standard related to further systematic assessment of the Tenax-to-soil ratio and incorporation of mass balances. Furthermore, BCR-524 is suitable for quality-assurance protocols with these methods when used in site-specific risk assessments of PAH-polluted environments.
AB - There is a strong need for certified reference materials in the quality assurance of nonionic soil contaminant bioavailability estimations through physicochemical methods. We applied desorption extraction, a method recently standardized as ISO16751, to determine the bioavailable concentration of the most commonly regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), in the reference industrial soil BCR-524 with a certified BaP total concentration of 8.60 mg kg−1. This concentration represented BaP levels found in many PAH-polluted soils. The method, based on single-point extraction of the analyte desorbed into the aqueous phase by a receiving phase (Tenax or cyclodextrin), was applied ten times. The data fulfilled highly demanding quality criteria based on recovery and repeatability. The bioavailable BaP concentration detected through Tenax extraction, 1.82 mg kg−1, was comparable to bioavailable concentrations determined in field-contaminated soils and to environmental quality standards based on previously observed total BaP concentrations. There was good agreement (Student's t-test, P ≤ 0.05) with the bioavailable BaP concentration determined by cyclodextrin extraction (1.53 mg kg−1). The methods were extended to four other certified 4- and 5-ringed PAHs for comparative purposes. We suggest ways of improving of the ISO16751 standard related to further systematic assessment of the Tenax-to-soil ratio and incorporation of mass balances. Furthermore, BCR-524 is suitable for quality-assurance protocols with these methods when used in site-specific risk assessments of PAH-polluted environments.
KW - Bioavailability
KW - Certified reference soil
KW - Cyclodextrin
KW - Extraction
KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW - Tenax
KW - Anthracene
KW - Barium compounds
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Cyclodextrins
KW - Desorption
KW - Mineral oils
KW - Pyrene
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Soil pollution
KW - Benzo(a)pyrene
KW - Bioavailable
KW - Bioavailable concentrations
KW - Certified reference materials
KW - Contaminated soils
KW - Nonionic
KW - Polycyclic aromatics
KW - Soil contaminants
KW - Soils
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150025
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150025
M3 - Journal article
VL - 803
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 150025
ER -